A Review on Characterization of Sheep Wool Impurities and Existing Techniques of Cleaning: Industrial and Environmental Challenges

Allafi, Faisal Aboelkasim; Hossain, Shakhawat; Lalung, Japarang; Kadir, Mohd Omar Ab; Ahmad, Mardiana Idayu

doi:10.1080/15440478.2021.1966569

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…A range of mature, healthy leaves were selected from individuals to allow for intraspecific variance (Breza, 2023). A mild detergent solution was used to clean the leaves and remove any surface impurities (Allafi et al, 2022). The leaves were cleaned with distilled water and then gently blotted dry with absorbent paper (Long et al, 2023).…”

Section: Gathering and Producing Ready Plant Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endemic species analysis: Foliar epidermal anatomical characters of Aster glehnii F. Schmidt (Asteraceae)

Zaman,

Lee,

Park

2024

Microscopy Res & Technique

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The classification and identification of Aster glehnii F. Schmidt are determined from its foliar epidermal anatomical features. Scanning electronic microscopy has been used to determine the foliar epidermal anatomical characteristics of the species in detail. This study compared the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the leaf epidermis of A. glehnii for taxonomic identification to be used as a reference for future studies on the species. A. glehnii has smooth, thin cuticles, depressed anomocytic stomata dispersed randomly throughout the leaf surface, polygonal epidermal cells with straight to slightly curved anticlinal walls, and no trichomes. There are obvious veins containing thick‐walled bundle sheath cells. The stomatal density is between 100 and 150 stomata per millimeter. The vein density ranges from five to 10 veins per millimeter, and the epidermal cells are 10 to 20 μm long and 5 to 10 μm in width. Understanding the connections between the different A. glehnii species and categorizing and identifying them depend heavily on these foliar epidermal structural features. Taxonomy and conservation are closely intertwined because the former serves as the basis for comprehending and safeguarding biodiversity.Research Highlights Optical microscopy of the A. glehnii leaf epidermis for taxonomic identification SEM was used to identify and authenticate endemic species Microscopic identification of endemic species can assist in the conservation

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Section: Gathering and Producing Ready Plant Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endemic species analysis: Foliar epidermal anatomical characters of Aster glehnii F. Schmidt (Asteraceae)

Zaman,

Lee,

Park

2024

Microscopy Res & Technique

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“…The wool grease is a complex mixture produced by sebaceous glands in sheep skin. In addition to this external grease, there are internal lipids trapped in the mass of wool proteins [50].…”

Section: Wool Structure and Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The procedure is applied under various conditions, either acidic, or alkaline. By means of this treatment, it is claimed that wool obtains a smoother surface than that of the untreated fibers [50].…”

Section: Bleachingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-Friendly Processing of Wool and Sustainable Valorization of This Natural Bioresource

Popescu,

Stanescu

2024

Sustainability

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The environmental invasion of plastic waste leads to, among other things, a reassessment of natural fibers. Environmental pollution has shown the importance of the degradability, among other properties, of the raw materials used by the textile industry or other industrial fields. Wool seems to be a better raw material than the polymers that generate large quantities of micro- and nano-plastics, polluting the soil, water, and air. However, the usual processing of raw wool involves a number of chemically very polluting treatments. Thus, sustainable procedures for making wool processing environmentally friendly have been considered, leading to the reappraisal of wool as a suitable raw material. Besides their applications for textile products (including smart textiles), new directions for the valorization of this natural material have been developed. According to the recent literature, wool may be successfully used as a thermal and phonic insulator, fertilizer, or component for industrial devices, or in medical applications, etc. In addition, the wool protein α-keratin may be extracted and used for new biomaterials with many practical applications in various fields. This review makes a survey of the recent data in the literature concerning wool production, processing, and applications, emphasizing the environmental aspects and pointing to solutions generating sustainable development.

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“…Sheared wool contains dead skin, waxes, suints, sand, dirt, and residual animal and vegetable matter as impurities [1]. These impurities are collectively termed wool grease, for subsequent dyeing and finishing treatments this wool grease is removed in the scouring process by hot water treatments using mild detergents [2]. Wool is dyed majorly using acid dyes, which have a strong affinity for alpha keratin proteins of wool fiber [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Energy Emissions and Environmental Impact of Wool Processing: A Case Study of an Indian Textile Mill

Vade,

Tari,

Athalye

2024

Sustainable Polymer &Amp; Energy

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The objective of this study is to investigate and analyze the effect of varying sources of energy inputs and their impact on carbon emissions during wool fiber processing. The method involved industrial visits to the textile wool processing mill and interaction with the manufacturing as well as commercial sourcing teams to gather relevant data. The results and outcome of this analysis indicate that wool wet processing is responsible for a significant carbon emission of about 0.031 tCO2e/unit of production. Coal as a source of energy has the highest carbon emission 0.066 tCO2e/product, while the use of biomass and Pressurized Natural Gas (PNG) had significantly lower CO2 emissions. Further, this study evaluated the scope 1 and scope 2 category emissions produced at the wool processing stage which accounted for 56303.2 tCO2e and 1817.10 tCO2e respectively.

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A Review on Characterization of Sheep Wool Impurities and Existing Techniques of Cleaning: Industrial and Environmental Challenges

Cited by 19 publications

References 86 publications

Endemic species analysis: Foliar epidermal anatomical characters of Aster glehnii F. Schmidt (Asteraceae)

Endemic species analysis: Foliar epidermal anatomical characters of Aster glehnii F. Schmidt (Asteraceae)

Eco-Friendly Processing of Wool and Sustainable Valorization of This Natural Bioresource

Assessing Energy Emissions and Environmental Impact of Wool Processing: A Case Study of an Indian Textile Mill

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