A review on chemical bath deposition of metal chalcogenide thin films for heterojunction solar cells

Sengupta, Sucheta; Aggarwal, Rinki; Raula, Manoj

doi:10.1557/s43578-022-00539-9

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Again, these results prove that that our proposal of CBD of PbI 2 thin films is an economical and viable alternative for the synthesis of reproducible, good‐quality, and large‐coverage thin films with morphologies that are needed for diverse applications. [ 34 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural, Optical, and Chemical Characteristics of High‐Quality PbI₂ Thin Films via Chemical Solution Deposition with Thermal Annealing

Solis-Mosquera,

Cabrera-German,

Santacruz-Ortega

et al. 2023

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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Lead iodide (PbI 2 ) thin films are interesting semiconductor materials arranged in quasi 2D layers, [1] that have an optical bandgap near the ultraviolet (E g = 2.4 eV) spectrum and are composed of atoms with a high atomic mass. [2,3] These characteristics of PbI 2 allow its use in diverse applications, [4][5][6][7][8] with a recent interest in large-area visible, X-ray, and γ-ray radiation detectors. [2,9] Additionally, PbI 2 thin films are excellent precursors in the chemical synthesis of lead halide perovskite CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 (MAPI) thin films, [10][11][12] which are photovoltaic materials of great importance. However, whether PbI 2 can be used as a high-performance optoelectronic material or efficient chemical precursor, strongly depends on achieving favorable structural properties. [3,[12][13][14] Moreover, the understanding of how the different deposition conditions affect the multiple stacking conformations that the compact PbI 2 layers take [15] is challenging. Different structural configurations known as polytypes [16] can be achieved but are difficult to reproduce, [3] and can lead to diverse microstructures, [17][18][19] that in turn produce varying optical and electrical properties.Different polytypes can be obtained according to the annealing conditions [20] and the implemented synthesis methodology. [21] Diverse previous studies have reported the synthesis of PbI 2 employing thermal evaporation, physical vapor deposition, laser ablation, atomic layer deposition, spray pyrolysis, and spin-coating with favorable crystalline properties. [12][13][14]22,23] The literature shows that the most common polytype is the 2H, albeit the 4H and 12R polytypes have been reported [24,25] at annealing treatments of 150 and 170 °C, respectively. Achieving the 4H and 12R polytypes may improve the optoelectronic properties in large-area radiation sensors, as well as favoring the quality and stability of perovskite thin films. Thus, the use of PbI 2 thin films in such purposes requires the examination of the structural properties at specified synthesis parameters.Therefore, in this work, we explore the synthesis of PbI 2 thin films via chemical bath deposition (CBD), a technique that has not been extensively studied for the deposition of PbI 2 thin films, only few reports exist in the literature. [3,26] CBD, when done correctly, enables the deposition of uniform, homogeneous, and large-area thin films that are strongly adhered to almost any kind of substrate. This technique does not require complex infrastructure, ergo it is low cost and easy to implement, and has been proven successful for the synthesis of numerous metal iodide thin films. [27][28][29][30] However, achieving good-quality films is complicated, because it requires fine tuning of the chemical formulation (reaction solution), as shown by the work of Kariper [3] where the structure and optical properties of the PbI 2 thin films are significantly influenced by the pH of the reaction solution.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural, Optical, and Chemical Characteristics of High‐Quality PbI₂ Thin Films via Chemical Solution Deposition with Thermal Annealing

Solis-Mosquera,

Cabrera-German,

Santacruz-Ortega

et al. 2023

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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“…CBD has advantages: low-cost, simplicity, uniformity, ease of substrate choice, multi-film runs are conceivable, and controlled growth conditions. Therefore, it is considered to have greater commercial potential than sputtering or thermal evaporation [ 67 ].…”

Section: Synthesis Of Zns Thin Films Using a Chemical Bath Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Chemical Bath Deposition Variables on the Properties of Zinc Sulfide Thin Films: A Review

et al. 2023

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Zinc sulfide (ZnS) thin films prepared using the chemical bath deposition (CBD) method have demonstrated great viability in various uses, encompassing photonics, field emission devices, field emitters, sensors, electroluminescence devices, optoelectronic devices, and are crucial as buffer layers of solar cells. These semiconducting thin films for industrial and research applications are popular among researchers. CBD appears attractive due to its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, low energy consumption, low-temperature compatibility, and superior uniformity for large-area deposition. However, numerous parameters influence the CBD mechanism and the quality of the thin films. This study offers a comprehensive review of the impact of various parameters that can affect different properties of ZnS films grown on CBD. This paper provides an extensive review of the film growth and structural and optical properties of ZnS thin films influenced by various parameters, which include complexing agents, the concentration ratio of the reactants, stirring speed, humidity, deposition temperature, deposition time, pH value, precursor types, and annealing temperature environments. Various studies screened the key influences on the CBD parameters concerning the quality of the resulting films. This work will motivate researchers to provide additional insight into the preparation of ZnS thin films using CBD to optimize this deposition method to its fullest potential.

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“…CBD is a simple and inexpensive technique for directly depositing semiconducting materials, such as MOs and metal hydroxides, on conducting substrates because it does not require high temperatures or an external electrical source [ 147 ]. Compared with hydrothermal and solvothermal syntheses, CBD enables the industrial production of the materials.…”

Section: Chemical-bath Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Aspects of Various Techniques for Synthesizing Metal Oxides and Fabricating Their Composite-Based Supercapacitor Electrodes: A Review

et al. 2022

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Supercapacitors (SCs) have attracted attention as an important energy source for various applications owing to their high power outputs and outstanding energy densities. The electrochemical performance of an SC device is predominantly determined by electrode materials, and thus, the selection and synthesis of the materials are crucial. Metal oxides (MOs) and their composites are the most widely used pseudocapacitive SC electrode materials. The basic requirements for fabricating high-performance SC electrodes include synthesizing and/or chemically modifying unique conducting nanostructures, optimizing a heterostructure morphology, and generating large-surface-area electroactive sites, all of which predominantly rely on various techniques used for synthesizing MO materials and fabricating MO- and MO-composite-based SC electrodes. Therefore, an SC’s background and critical aspects, the challenges associated with the predominant synthesis techniques (including hydrothermal and microwave-assisted syntheses and chemical-bath and atomic-layer depositions), and resulting electrode electrochemical performances should be summarized in a convenient, accessible report to accelerate the development of materials for industrial SC applications. Therefore, we reviewed the most pertinent studies on these synthesis techniques to provide insight into the most recent advances in synthesizing MOs and fabricating their composite-based SC electrodes as well as to propose research directions for developing MO-based electrodes for applications to next-generation SCs.

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A review on chemical bath deposition of metal chalcogenide thin films for heterojunction solar cells

Cited by 32 publications

References 96 publications

Structural, Optical, and Chemical Characteristics of High‐Quality PbI₂ Thin Films via Chemical Solution Deposition with Thermal Annealing

Structural, Optical, and Chemical Characteristics of High‐Quality PbI₂ Thin Films via Chemical Solution Deposition with Thermal Annealing

Effect of Chemical Bath Deposition Variables on the Properties of Zinc Sulfide Thin Films: A Review

Critical Aspects of Various Techniques for Synthesizing Metal Oxides and Fabricating Their Composite-Based Supercapacitor Electrodes: A Review

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A review on chemical bath deposition of metal chalcogenide thin films for heterojunction solar cells

Cited by 32 publications

References 96 publications

Structural, Optical, and Chemical Characteristics of High‐Quality PbI2 Thin Films via Chemical Solution Deposition with Thermal Annealing

Structural, Optical, and Chemical Characteristics of High‐Quality PbI2 Thin Films via Chemical Solution Deposition with Thermal Annealing

Effect of Chemical Bath Deposition Variables on the Properties of Zinc Sulfide Thin Films: A Review

Critical Aspects of Various Techniques for Synthesizing Metal Oxides and Fabricating Their Composite-Based Supercapacitor Electrodes: A Review

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Structural, Optical, and Chemical Characteristics of High‐Quality PbI₂ Thin Films via Chemical Solution Deposition with Thermal Annealing

Structural, Optical, and Chemical Characteristics of High‐Quality PbI₂ Thin Films via Chemical Solution Deposition with Thermal Annealing