A Review on Chemical Synthesis Process of Platinum Nanoparticles

Abstract

Nanoparticles are key components in the advancement of future energy technologies; thus, strategies for preparing nanoparticles in large volume by techniques that are costeffective are required. In the substitution of fossil-fuels by renewable energy resources, nanometersized particles play a key role for synthesizing energy vectors from varying and heterogeneous biomass feedstocks. They are extensively used in reformers for the production of hydrogen from solid, liquid, or gaseous energy carriers. Catalyst activities depend critically on their size-dependent properties. Nanoparticles are further indispensable as electrocatalysts in fuel cells and other electrochemical converters. The desire to increase the activity per unit area, and decrease the necessary amount of the expensive catalytic standard, It is clear that performance and commercialization of fuel cells depend on electrode materials performance. The application of pt nanomaterials as an electrode in the field of fuel cell has become a new, growing area of interest in recent years. We review chemical process for synthesis of pt nanoparticles. Recent developments in syntheses process of pure & mixed platinum nanoparticles has briefly reviewed specifically for applications in fuel cells. As the physicochemical properties of noble-metal nanostructures are strongly dependent upon shape and size, the development of reliable synthesis methods for the production of nanocrystals with well-defined size and morphology have been discussed briefly. The role of nanostructured supports for the nanoparticles, such as ordered mesoporous carbon, dendrimer have also discussed. And size of the nanoparticles obtained in deferent process and their temperature dependence has also discussed briefly.

Synthesis, characterisation and anti‐tumour activity of biopolymer based platinum nanoparticles and 5‐fluorouracil loaded platinum nanoparticles

“…PtNPs are typically synthesised by the reduction of platinum ion precursors in solution with a stabilising or capping agent to form colloidal NPs or by the impregnation and reduction of platinum ion precursors in a micro-porous support such as alumina [20]. Some common examples of platinum precursors include hexachloroplatinate (H 2 PtCl 6 , K 2 PtCl 6 ) or platinous chloride (PtCl 2 ) [21].…”

“…This is the first report to study the influence of concentration of GK (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1%), Pt ions (0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 mM), pH (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10) and different temperature variation treatments such as heating (100°C), autoclaving (121°C and 15 psi), microwave assisted (200-800 W), sonication (58 kHz) and metabolic shaker water bath (200 rpm, 50°C) in the synthesis of GK-based PtNPs. Islam et al [21] described that the size of NPs synthesised colloidally depends or controlled by changing the platinum precursor, the ratio of the capping agent to the precursor, and/or the reaction temperature.…”

Acousto-Plasmonic Sensing Assisted by Nonlinear Optical Interactions in Bimetallic Au-Pt Nanoparticles

“…In contrast, the absorption of platinum NPs (Pt NPs) presents resonances in the ultraviolet region [ 15 ], taking advantage of their ability for high-energy photon manipulation to be considered for batteries and fuel cells developments [ 16 ]. Pt NPs may give rise to new photo-thermal agents [ 17 ] that may be assisted by biostability and adhesion properties that are strongly attractive for nano/micro-engineered systems for neurological diagnostic [ 18 ]. Additionally, the electronic properties of Pt NPs make them useful for building optical signal processing devices, such as circuits and electrodes of multilayer ceramic capacitors [ 19 ].…”

Introduction to Materials for PEMFC Electrodes

“…On the other hand, the excellent electrical conductivity of the carbon support can reduce the impact of the conductivity loss of nanoparticles that results from the size effect, thereby maintaining effective electron transfer. Conventionally, the deposition of Pt on carbon can be done by a one-step reduction of chloroplatinic acid or potassium hexachloroplatinate (IV) using sodium borohydride (E. Antolini, Salgado, dos Santos, & Gonzalez, 2005;Brown & Brown, 1962;Islam, Bhuiya, & Islam, 2014;K. W. Park et al, 2002;Salgado, Antolini, & Gonzalez, 2004).…”