A review on chimeric xylanases: methods and conditions

Abstract

Multi-functional enzymes are one of the nature's solutions to facilitate metabolic pathways, thus several reactions are regulated and performed simultaneously on one polypeptide chain. Inspired by nature, artificial chimeric proteins have been designed to reduce the production costs and improve the performance. One of the interesting applications of this method is in the plant-based industries such as feed additive, waste treatment, biofuel production, and pulp and paper bleaching. In fact, the heterogeneous texture of plants needs using a combination of different enzymes to achieve an optimal quality in the manufacturing process. Given that xylans are the most abundant non-cellulosic polysaccharides in nature, xylanases are widely utilized in the mentioned industries. In this regard, several studies have been conducted to develop the relevant chimeric enzymes. Despite the successes that have been attained in this field, misfolding, functional or structural interference, and linker breakage have been reported in some cases. The present paper reviews the research to introduce the prerequisites to design an appropriate chimeric xylanase.

Carbohydrate Binding Modules: Diversity of Domain Architecture in Amylases and Cellulases From Filamentous Microorganisms

“…A chimeric enzyme is commonly generated by fusing the GH catalytic domain obtained from one species with another protein domain such as a CBM from another species. In several studies, chimeric enzymes have been shown to improve the catalytic efficiency, thermostability, as well as substrate specificity (Oliveira et al, 2015;Saadat, 2017;Christensen et al, 2020;Gilmore et al, 2020).…”

Xylanases from marine microorganisms: A brief overview on scope, sources, features and potential applications

“…To enhance xylanase production two major approaches are used, one involving genetic methods, the other at process level [24,84]. For some recent reviews, see [24,26,[84][85][86][87][88]. Some recent examples of genetic methods to enhance production levels include recombinant xylanase expression, which is particularly helpful when culturing the native strains is a complex task, constitutive expression through the use of a suitable promoter [89,90], and overexpression of xylanase by up-regulation of given genes [91] or codon optimization [92,93].…”

Plant cell wall architecture guided design of CBM3-GH11 chimeras with enhanced xylanase activity using a tandem repeat left-handed β-3-prism scaffold

“…The GH11 endoxylanases have been extensively studied due to their potential for biotechnological applications, such as in the pulp and paper industries and for lignocellulose saccharification in biofuels production [39] . Although many synthetic MFPs fusing GH11s with catalytic domains have been constructed and tested (see Table 1, [43] ), few designed CBM-GH11 fusion proteins have been reported [29] , [56] . Using a knowledge-based approach from models of xylan packing on cellulose microfibrils to guide the construction of synthetic MFPs for lignocellulose mapping and degradation, here we describe the design, synthesis and expression of a stable and versatile scaffold protein based on tandem repeats of the left-handed β–3-prism structural motif, which we have named as the Beta Solenoid Scaffold (BeSS).…”