A review on cognitive impairments in depressive and anxiety disorders with a focus on young adults

Castaneda, Anu E.; Tuulio‐Henriksson, Annamari; Marttunen, Mauri; Suvisaari, Jaana; Lönnqvist, Jouko

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.06.006

Cited by 601 publications

(410 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Overall, there has been a scarcity of data on associations of anxiety – in particular, phobias, panic or generalized anxiety – with cognition, even when including research focused on younger adults(40); there is still less evidence from larger-scale studies (e.g., n>500) among older people. Considering the current report in the context of the available literature, anxiety appears related to worse initial performance in multiple cognitive domains at late-life, but evidence for relations to subsequent decline has been either lacking or inconsistent across cognitive domains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phobic Anxiety and Cognitive Performance Over 4 Years Among Community-Dwelling Older Women in the Nurses' Health Study

Okereke

Grodstein

2013

The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry

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Objective To examine the relation of phobic anxiety to late-life cognitive trajectory. Design Prospective cohort. Setting Nurses’ Health Study – U.S. registered nurses. Participants 16,351 women among whom phobic anxiety symptoms were assessed in 1988 (mean age=63 years). Measurements Beginning a decade after phobic anxiety ascertainment (mean age=74 years), three assessments of general cognition, word and paragraph immediate and delayed recall, category fluency, and attention/working memory were administered over an average of 4.4 years; global cognitive and verbal memory composite scores were generated from the component tests. General linear models of response profiles were used to evaluate relations of phobic anxiety to initial cognitive performance and subsequent change. Results Higher phobic anxiety was associated with poorer initial performance: e.g., comparing women with the highest anxiety to those with no/minimal symptoms, the multivariate-adjusted mean difference (95% confidence interval) in scores was −0.10 (−0.13,−0.06) standard units for the global score summarizing all tests, and −0.08 (−0.11,−0.04) standard units for verbal memory (summarizing 4 word- and paragraph-recall tasks). Mean differences between extreme categories of phobic anxiety were equal to those for participants aged 1.5–2 years apart: i.e., cognitively equivalent to being about two years older. There were no relations of phobic anxiety to subsequent cognitive change. Conclusions Higher mid-life phobic anxiety was related to worse later-life overall cognition and verbal memory. Yet, profiles of poorer cognition with higher anxiety remained parallel over time, suggesting phobic anxiety may impose impact on cognition earlier in life, rather than ongoing impact in later-life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phobic Anxiety and Cognitive Performance Over 4 Years Among Community-Dwelling Older Women in the Nurses' Health Study

Okereke

Grodstein

2013

The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry

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“…[122] It is likely that the SNRI properties of amitryptiline [123,124] account for the preferential GH response in the amitryptiline-pretreated subjects. Because anxiety and depression disrupt normal cognition, [125][126][127] an elevation of brain NE after antidepressant treatment could stimulate b1-and a2-adrenergic receptors in the brain to therapeutically enhance cognition. [128] Given the permissive role of NE in antidepressant effectiveness, there is growing interest in incorporating NE interventions into the treatment plan.…”

Section: Duration Of Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current perspectives of the roles of the central norepinephrine system in anxiety and depression

et al. 2010

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Norepinephrine (NE) is a major monoamine neurotransmitter that has widespread effects across multiple brain areas to regulate arousal and stress responses. The underlying function of the NE cortical system is to balance vigilance/scanning behavior with focused attention on novel environmental stimuli and the state of arousal. The central NE system is involved intrinsically with the stress response system, and dysregulation within the NE system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of anxiety and depressive disorders. Central NE activity paradoxically has either anxiogenic or anxiolytic effects, depending on whether the time course of the stress is acute or chronic, whether the stress is predictable or unpredictable, and which underlying brain regions are affected. Under conditions of chronic stress, NE system activity dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system may turn a homeostatic stress response into a pathological stress response. Data suggest that the NE interplay with the serotonin system may exert neurobiological normalization of the pathophysiological state of anxious depression. Accordingly, pharmacological interventions targeting the NE system can result in anxiolytic, rather than anxiogenic, outcomes when used to treat patients with anxiety and depression. Depression and Anxiety 27:339-350, 2010. r r

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“…Mechanisms involved in processing information regarding stress/ threat have been reviewed extensively [1,[18][19][20]. A conceptual overview of the cognitive processing of stress stimuli in anxiety disorders is depicted in Figure 1.…”

Section: Cognitive Processing Of Stressful Sensory Inputmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural substrates of cognitive bias and anxiogenesis

Jadhav¹

2015

J Integr Syst Neurosci

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A review on cognitive impairments in depressive and anxiety disorders with a focus on young adults

Cited by 601 publications

References 77 publications

Phobic Anxiety and Cognitive Performance Over 4 Years Among Community-Dwelling Older Women in the Nurses' Health Study

Phobic Anxiety and Cognitive Performance Over 4 Years Among Community-Dwelling Older Women in the Nurses' Health Study

Current perspectives of the roles of the central norepinephrine system in anxiety and depression

Neural substrates of cognitive bias and anxiogenesis

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