A review on control-relevant glucose–insulin dynamics models and regulation strategies

Abstract

This article presents a state-of-the-art review on automated control of blood sugar, especially for Type 1 diabetic patients. A brief introduction is provided so as to justify how this biomedical issue proves to be a control system problem in sense of blood glucose regulation. Various mathematical models and control strategies that have been used in recent research work for automated insulin delivery are discussed. An attempt has been made to provide a structural survey of research done till date in the development of artificial pancreas system. At the end, a general idea is presented on how control system can be designed for this biomedical control problem by employing Bergman’s minimal model for blood glucose regulation and an internal model–based proportional–integral controller is designed. The controller exhibits faster response in maintaining the blood glucose when compared with other existing techniques.

Proceedings of the 5th Workshop for Young Scientists in Computer Science and Software Engineering

“…Sokol et al (Sokol et al, 2014) proposed the principle of applying mathematical modeling to calculate optimal insulin therapy. Bhonsle and Saxena (Bhonsle and Saxena, 2020) analyze various mathematical models -despite the large number of mathematical models, they are all based on one of two original basic models: the model of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) developed by Beaulieu in 1961 and the model of the intravenous glucose tolerance test (IGTT) by Bergman-Kobelli (Bergman et al, 1979). The Beaulieu model is narrow in use, in particular, it is generally unsuitable for describing the exponential decline of the glycemic curve of IGTT.…”

Automated Glucose Control

“…Sensitivity varies among individuals over time and is also known to vary due to stress, health, time of the day etc (Hanaire, 2006). It also varies among diabetic patients with different age groups (Bhonsle, 2020). Subcutaneous insulin stacking can be prevented by incorporating the inulin bolus on board feature (considering the previous bolus and the remaining insulin on board) into the control algorithm.…”