A Review on Current Status of Riverine Pollution in India

Abstract

Water is one of the essential resources needed on Earth for the survival of humans. The Indian people consider rivers such as Ganga, Yamuna, and Sabarmati sacred, while the Mithi river had bio-diversified importance. Drinking and taking bath in the sacred rivers is a common practice.These rivers cover a total distance of 4272 kilometres. But the water quality of these rivers is compromised by the presence of various contaminants such as pesticides, heavy metals, organic waste, chemical waste, and direct discharge of sewage.The pollution levels have risen as a result of the chemical industry's output of 30984 metric tonnes in 2019-2020. Over the years, the agriculture sector has used 3,50,000 Mt of DDT.The water has become unfit for any human consumption, thus posing a possible threat of diseases outbreak. These rivers pass through the major urban cities of India like Delhi, major economic cities of Uttar Pradesh state, Ahmedabad, and Mumbai. There is a risk of certain lethal diseases due to the direct exposure of humans and other life forms to toxic chemicals and heavy metals through polluted river water. The objective of this study is to examine the causes of water contamination in major Indian rivers and their potential risk on human health.

The Ganga around Kolkata: How safe is the river on bio-physical criteria?

“…To live, all living creatures, as well as ecosystems, civilisations, and economies, require access to clean, safe, and su cient fresh water. However, deteriorating water quality has become a vital issue due to the rising population and industrial and agricultural activity (Khan et al 2021). The results make the river more polluted by interrupting its hydrological cycle and quality (Khan et al 2022).…”

“…Even though Ganga is home to diverse organisms, including phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthic invertebrates, and several sh species, its aquatic ecology has now been affected by signi cant environmental damages caused by uncontrolled pollutant discharges (Matta 2015; Khanna et al 2009). Rampant industrial structures on its two banks and untreated or poorly treated industrial e uent discharges into Ganga pose severe risks for not only the water bodies' life forms but also human being (Khan et al 2021; Kishor et al 2021). Many small manufacturing units and their wastes are directly or indirectly thrown into the river, making Ganga even more polluted (Whitehead et al 2018;Hasan et al 2019).…”

Water Pollution Prevention Engineering Device Integrated with Intelligent Blockchain Technology

“…Water pollution mainly comes from untreated and dumped industrial wastewater, domestic wastewater and agricultural wastewater, causing great harm to industrial and agricultural production and human health [12]. The impact of water pollution on industrial and agricultural production is to destroy facilities, reduce fertility, and affect human health; Contaminated water can cause stomach pain and cancer [13]. The source and risk analysis of polluted water are as follows:…”

Water Pollution Control Engineering Model of Waterworks Based on Clustering Algorithm and Machine Learning

“…Clustering algorithm and ML have always been the research focus of the industry, and many scholars have carried out relevant research in this field. Khan Ahmed Shabbir studied the causes of river water pollution and its potential risks to human health, and believed that the high concentration of heavy metal ions in river water and serious pollution were the main reasons for the deterioration of river water quality [7]. Islam J.…”