A Review on Development of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Energy Storage Devices: Opportunities and Challenges

267

Hydrogen is the energy carrier with the highest energy density and is critical to the development of renewable energy. Efficient hydrogen storage is essential to realize the transition to renewable energy sources. Electrochemical hydrogen storage technology has a promising application due to its mild hydrogen storage conditions. However, research on the most efficient electrochemical hydrogen storage materials that satisfy the goals of the U.S. Department of Energy remain open questions. All of the above require strategies for designing new hydrogen storage materials. This review provides a brief overview of hydrogen preparation, hydrogen storage, and details the development of electrochemical hydrogen storage materials. We summarize the electrochemical hydrogen storage capabilities of alloys and metal compounds, carbonaceous materials, metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, metal−organic frameworks, MXenes, and polymer-based materials. It was observed that mixed metal oxides exhibit superior discharge capacity and cycling stability. The review indicates that it is vital to create novel materials with large surface area, active-conductive profiles, and low cost. We describe the challenges, gaps, and future perspectives of electrochemical hydrogen storage materials, and hope that the review could draw more attention to the development of electrochemical hydrogen storage materials with high hydrogen storage capacity, high safety, high cycle stability, and low cost and promoting their practical applications.

Section: Electrochemical Hydrogen Storage Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Hydrogen Storage Materials: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives

Xu,

Dong,

et al. 2024

267

“…In addition, Hydrothermal liquefied biochar can be further modified and utilized as energy storage materials, such as supercapacitor electrode materials, lithium-ion battery anode materials, etc. ,− …”

Section: Characteristics Of Htl Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Hydrothermal Biomass Liquefaction: Operating Parameters, Reaction Mechanism, and Bio-Oil Yields and Compositions

Bao,

Wang,

Feng

et al. 2024

Biomass hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a conversion technology that utilizes high-temperature and high-pressure hydrothermal conditions to convert biomass into liquid fuels and chemicals. This review introduces all aspects of biomass HTL from system process parameters to reaction mechanism pathways and product control methods. First, the effects of key process parameters such as biomass composition, moisture content, heating rate, temperature, residence time, and pressure on the reaction process and product characteristics of HTL were discussed. Next, the reaction mechanism studies of typical components were reviewed. For typical components such as proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, their reaction mechanisms and reaction pathways during the HTL process were explored. Understanding the reaction mechanisms of typical components can help to deeply understand the reaction characteristics of the entire HTL process. In terms of HTL product characteristics and product catalytic control, the properties and potential application values of the main components of the product, including bio-oil, the aqueous phase, and solid and gaseous products, were analyzed, and methods for product catalytic control were discussed. It introduced the methods and catalytic mechanism of adding additives and using catalysts to improve product characteristics. Finally, the challenges and technical difficulties faced by biomass hydrothermal liquefaction technology were discussed, and the future development direction was prospected.

“…MXene, as a novel two-dimensional material, has widely used in the field of energy storage. Many researchers have described it. − But the most review papers only describe one metal battery or the preparation methods about MXene are very rough, which means that it is difficult for reader to master the other metal batteries and the preparation methods about MXene. − Moreover, some review articles have been published by scholars, covering many fields such as electrocatalysis, sodium ion batteries and all solid-state sodium batteries, supercapacitors. − However, there is little work about MXene, such as MXene-based supercapacitor, which means it is difficult for readers to grasp the application of MXene in metal batteries and the preparation methods of MXene. On the contrary, this review paper provides a detailed introduction to six preparation methods of MXene, such as HF etching, HCl and LiF etching, molten salt etching, electrochemical etching, deep eutectic solvent assisted etching, and alkaline etching, and presents the characteristics of these preparation methods and precursor MAX.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review and Perspectives on Preparation Strategies and Applications of Ti₃C₂ MXene for Li Metal Batteries/Li–S Batteries

Shi,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Lithium metal anodes are considered as one of the most promising choices for high-energy-density batteries owing to their high theoretical capacity (3860 mAh g −1 ) and low reduced anode potential [−3.04 V versus standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)]. However, the underlying safety risks of lithium metal batteries during cycling hinder their further development. MXenes have become a hot topic as a result of their excellent conductivity, flexibility, ultrafast ion diffusion, and large specific surface. Thus, MXene is vastly introduced in lithium metal batteries and lithium sulfur batteries for improving the safety and electrochemical performance of the entire battery. This review sights into the structural characteristics and different etching techniques about MXene and provides a detailed introduction to the shortcomings and challenges of lithium metal batteries and lithium−sulfur batteries. In addition, this review summarizes the applications of MXene and its composite materials in the modification strategies of lithium metal batteries and lithium−sulfur batteries and provides insights into the electrochemical application of MXene in other aqueous/non-aqueous energy storage systems.