A review on diagnostic and preventive aspects of cystic echinococcosis and human cysticercosis

Giri, Sidhartha; Parija, Subhash Chandra

doi:10.4103/2229-5070.105174

Cited by 45 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…hydatid cyst fluid provides early chemotherapy, more effective treatment, and post-operation follow-up (12). For this aim, multiple serologic tests, including Casoni, latex agglutination, indirect hemagglutination, complement fixation, enzyme immunoassay, immunoelectrophoresis, western blot, and ELISA assays have been developed in order to accurately detect the hydatid cyst-specific antibodies or antigens (17,18). Owing to the possible crossreactions with other relatively-closed helminth parasites such as E. multilocularis, Taenia hydatigena, and Taenia ovis, the quality and efficacy of CE serodiagnosis in suspected cases are still controversial (12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Sensitivity and Specificity of Native ELISA Test (Prepared in Khouzestan, Iran) and Commercial ELISA Kit in the Diagnosis of Human Hydatidosis

Karami

Maraghi

Rafiei

et al. 2019

Zahedan J Res Med Sci

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Background: As an ancient zoonosis, cystic echinococcosis still is prevalent among livestock worldwide. Early diagnosis is of utmost clinical importance. Objectives: Herein, we compared the efficacy of ELISA with native antigen B and a commercial ELISA kit to detect human hydatidosis in Khuzestan province, southwestern Iran. Methods: The current study consisted of 90 serum samples, including 50 samples obtained from hydatid-affected patients approved by surgery, 20 samples from patients affected by other diseases (having anti-Toxoplasma antibody, giardiasis, hepatitis, etc.), and 20 serum samples from healthy individuals. Native antigen B was prepared from sheep-isolated hydatid cysts. Checkerboard procedure was performed to determine the optimum dilution of antigen, serum and conjugate. Commercial ELISA was done using Vircell indirect immunoenzyme assay to detect anti-hydatidosis IgG. The cutoff point for native ELISA was the sum of twofold standard deviation and the mean optical density of all negative samples. Results: Using commercial ELISA kit and native ELISA test, 22 out of 90 and 52 out of 90 sera were positive for hydatid-specific IgG, respectively. Compared to the operation, the sensitivity of native and commercial ELISA tests was 100% and 44%, respectively. However, the specificity was not determined due to the lack of surgical information among the heterologous and control groups. In comparison to the commercial ELISA, both tests showed the same sensitivity (97%), while the specificity of native and commercial ELISA was 95% and 96%, respectively. Conclusions: Developing ELISA tests using native antigens would be a reliable method to improve the efficacy of human hydatidosis detection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Sensitivity and Specificity of Native ELISA Test (Prepared in Khouzestan, Iran) and Commercial ELISA Kit in the Diagnosis of Human Hydatidosis

Karami

Maraghi

Rafiei

et al. 2019

Zahedan J Res Med Sci

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“…), (spontaneously / minor trauma or at surgery), may lead to multifocal dissemination of protoscolices, which can form additional cysts. Other presentations [1][2][3][4][5][6][21][22][23] are due to the involvement of extrahepatic organs, e.g., spleen, omentum, bone (invasion of the medullary cavity with slow bone erosion producing pathologic fractures), the CNS (space-occupying lesions), the heart (conduction defects, pericarditis), and the pelvis (pelvic mass). A specific diagnosis can also be made by examining aspirated fluids for protoscolices or hooklets, but there is risk of fluid leakage resulting in either dissemination of infection or anaphylactic reactions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Serodiagnostic assays can be useful (hepatic cysts elicit positive antibody responses in ≈90% of cases, whereas ≈50% of individuals with pulmonary cysts are seronegative). Detection of antibody to specific echinococcal antigens by immunoblotting has the highest degree of specificity [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydatid cyst-our institutional experience in hill area of Uttarakhand

Singh

Keshri²,

Sanjeev³

2016

Int J Med Res Rev

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Introduction: Hydatidosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus is a neglected zoonotic disease, widely prevalent among the rural population of India. Hepatic involvement is the commonest, with other varied presentations as well. Appropriate treatment consists of surgical excision of the cyst, accompanied with chemotherapy by albendazole or PAIR procedure. Methods: This retrospective analytic study was conducted to highlight and summarise the demography, modes of presentation and surgical management and outcomes of echinococcosis at VCSGGMS & RI from years 2008-2016. Results: Most cases were adult male patients presenting with chronic manifestations of hydatidosis and/or abdominal lump (large hepatic cysts), caused by E. granulosus, who underwent surgical management (cyst excision), along with anthelmintics and later were followed up for appropriate durations, with only minor complications. Conclusion: Timely diagnosis and intervention can prevent morbidity, mortality and economic loss among the productive sections of the society.

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“…Neurocysticercosis (NCC), a severe form of cysticercosis affecting the central nervous system (CNS), is a potentially dangerous systemic infection caused by Cysticercus cellulosae , the larval stage of T. solium . [ 1 ] Humans acquire this infection by ingestion of T. solium eggs from fecal contaminated soil, water or improperly cleaned, raw or undercooked vegetables. [ 2 3 ] The infective embryos (oncosphere) enter the intestinal mucosa, to reach the peripheral blood stream and after a brief migration, it matures into cysticerci in the sites of localization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rising trends of neurocysticercosis: A serological report from tertiary-care hospital in South India

et al. 2016

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Introduction:Taenia solium is a common two-host parasitic cestode, residing in both humans (definitive) and pigs (intermediate). Invasion of this parasitic cyst into central nervous system leads to a condition known as neurocysticercosis (NCC). The World Health Organization (WHO) considers NCC as one of the “most neglected” tropical zoonotic diseases. The disease is presented with pleomorphic clinical manifestations, of which epilepsy is the most common. Diagnosis of NCC is carried out by serological tests and imaging methods. Only a few studies from Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Pondicherry are available regarding the seropositive levels of NCC in South India.Materials and Methods:A descriptive analysis was carried out on NCC suspected patients attending outpatient or inpatient department of different clinics majorly from neurology, medicine, pediatrics, ophthalmology, and skin at Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, a tertiary care hospital in South India. A total of 391 patient samples (either serum or cerebrospinal fluid or urine) for 5 years from January 2011 to December 2015 were taken into the study. Serological investigations such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and enzyme-linked immunoelectro transfer blot were performed for assessing the seropositivity levels of NCC.Results:The overall seropositive cases of NCC in the study population were found to be 32.5% of which positive male cases (59.1%) exceeding females (40.9%). The frequency of adult positive cases (77.2%) was more than that of pediatrics cases (22.8%) with an average of 30.9 years of age.Conclusions:NCC seropositive levels show an increasing trend with the study period. This necessitates a proper attention to the unnoticed spread of the parasitic disease, which affects the quality of life in the community. Quality screening and diagnostic strategy should be implied along with proper awareness for preventive measure practices have to be set up to reduce the impact of morbidity caused by NCC.

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A review on diagnostic and preventive aspects of cystic echinococcosis and human cysticercosis

Cited by 45 publications

References 73 publications

Comparison of Sensitivity and Specificity of Native ELISA Test (Prepared in Khouzestan, Iran) and Commercial ELISA Kit in the Diagnosis of Human Hydatidosis

Comparison of Sensitivity and Specificity of Native ELISA Test (Prepared in Khouzestan, Iran) and Commercial ELISA Kit in the Diagnosis of Human Hydatidosis

Hydatid cyst-our institutional experience in hill area of Uttarakhand

Rising trends of neurocysticercosis: A serological report from tertiary-care hospital in South India

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