A Review on Diffusion Bonding between Titanium Alloys and Stainless Steels

Abstract

High-quality joints between titanium alloys and stainless steels have found applications for nuclear, petrochemical, cryogenic, and aerospace industries due to their relatively low cost, lightweight, high corrosion resistance, and appreciable mechanical properties.is article reviews diffusion bonding between titanium alloys and stainless steels with or without interlayers. For diffusion bonding of a titanium alloy and a stainless steel without an interlayer, the optimized temperature is in the range of 800-950°C for a period of 60-120 min. Sound joint can be obtained, but brittle FeTi and Fe-Cr-Ti phases are formed at the interface. e development process of a joint mainly includes three steps: matching surface closure, growth of brittle intermetallic compounds, and formation of the Kirkendall voids. Growth kinetics of interfacial phases needs further clarification in terms of growth velocity of the reacting layer, moving speed of the phase interface, and the order for a new phase appears. e influence of Cu, Ni (or nickel alloy), and Ag interlayers on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the joints is systematically summarized. e content of FeTi and Fe-Cr-Ti phases at the interface can be declined significantly by the addition of an interlayer. Application of multi-interlayer well prevents the formation of intermetallic phases by forming solid solution at the interface, and parameters can be predicted by using a parabolic diffusion law. e selection of multi-interlayer was done based on two principles: no formation of brittle intermetallic phases and transitional physical properties between titanium alloy and stainless steel.

High-Temperature Diffusion Bonding of Ti–6Al–4V and Super-Duplex Stainless Steel Using a Cu Interlayer Embedded with Alumina Nanoparticles

“…A summary of the growth kinetics of the reaction layer is shown in Table 3. The activation energy was calculated to be 111.4 kJ/mol for a bonding temperature of 850 • C. This is similar to findings published in the scientific literature which suggest that the activation energy for the formation of Ti 2 Cu is approximately 122.1 kJ/mol [16]. In this study, the calculation of the activation energy was performed based on a simplified diffusion model, which assumes diffusion in a single phase which is influenced by the thickness of the reaction layer formed during the diffusion bonding process and the increases in the rate coefficient.…”

“…While interdiffusion led to the formation of a wide region, labelled A, the nanoparticles appear to have segregated to form a thick layer at the SDSS interface. EDS analysis of the dark grey particles showed that the Al 2 O 3 particles reacted with Cu and Fe [15,16]. observed at the interface on the Ti side of the bond.…”

Diffusion bonding of a titanium alloy to austenitic stainless steel using copper as an interlayer

“…From Fig. 4, it is found that the room temperature (RT) tensile properties (both LSS and BS) of the DB joints increases constantly during the time break from 45 to 90 min and drops at 105 min [8,9], for a bonding temperature of 925 °C and bonding pressure of 14 MPa. With the increase of holding time from 45 to 90 min, the blending of mating surfaces enhances the room temperature properties of the DB joints, and additionally, offer some beneficial effect.…”

Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Research into the Mechanical Properties of Al‐Ti‐Al Symmetrical Laminated Plate

“…e layer metal laminated materials were made of two or more single-layer metals by suitable composite technology [7][8][9]. It combined the advantages of single-component metal, which not only made the application value of single metal fully play but also can reduce the amount of precious metal, improve the deficiency of single metal, and better adapt to the industrialization and market-oriented development [10][11][12]. Titanium and aluminum alloys can be made into layered Ti-Al laminated plates by laminated technology.…”