A Review on Drilling of Multilayer Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites and Aluminum Stacks: Optimization of Strategies for Improving the Drilling Performance of Aerospace Assemblies

Abstract

In recent years, the use of hybrid composite stacks, particularly CFRP/Al assemblies, and fiber metal laminates (FMLs) has progressively become a convincing alternative to fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) and conventional metal alloys to meet the requirements of structural weight reduction in the modern aerospace industry. These new structural materials, which combine greater mechanical properties with low specific mass, are commonly assembled by riveted and bolted joints. The drilling operation, which represents the essential hole-making process used in the aerospace industry, proves particularly challenging when it comes to achieving damage-free holes with tight tolerances for CFRP/Al stacks in one-shot operations under dry conditions due to the dissimilar mechanical and thermal behavior of each constituent. Rapid and severe tool wear, heat damage, oversized drilled holes and the formation of metal burrs are among the major issues induced by the drilling of multi-material stacks. This paper provides an in-depth review of recent advancements concerning the selection of optimized strategies for high-performance drilling of multi-material stacks by focusing on the significant conclusions of experimental investigations of the effects of drilling parameters and cutting tool characteristics on the drilling performance of aerospace assemblies with CFRP/Al stacks and FML materials. The feasibility of alternative drilling processes for improving the hole quality of hybrid composite stacks is also discussed.

Reducing delamination risk with response surface methodology-supported drilling analysis for Nomex® aramid fiber composites

“…During the drilling process of Nomex® using an HSS-R drill, an observed phenomenon known as flute clogging 59 leads to noticeable color changes in the material (Figure 12(d)). The root cause of this issue lies in the high thrust forces of the HSS-R drill, which generates significant heat at the cutting-edge during drilling.…”

Experimental Study of Ultrasound-Assisted Reaming of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastics/Titanium Alloy Stacks

“…The hole quality from conventional drilling cannot satisfy aircraft assembly requirements. Therefore, reaming finishing of bolt holes is indispensable [9,10].…”

Characterization of nanocomposite tetrahedral amorphous carbon coated drill bits for improved drilled-hole quality in carbon fiber-reinforced polymer/Al7075-T6 stacks

“…26 Franz et al, provided a review of the most recent investigations on the effect of coatings on the overall performance when drilling CFRP/Al stacks. 27 It can be noticed that the impact of the selection of tool coating on the overall drilling performance for such multi-material stacks, widely used in aerospace applications and particularly in commercial aircraft, has received insufficient research attention. Hence it is essential to conduct research on how well these stacks perform during drilling operations using coated tools.…”