A Review on Effectiveness of Motivational Interviewing in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

DiabetesDiabetes Mellitus (or diabetes) is the most common metabolic disorder, caused by incapability of body in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. This failure results in increased level of blood glucose. There are some specific and distinctive types of diabetes. This disorder is caused by complex reactions between genetic and environmental factors. Metabolic regulation disorder, induced by diabetes, results in secondary pathophysiologic changes in several organs, which per se can lead to a significant burden both for the patients as well as the health care system. 1,2 The global prevalence of diabetes significantly increased in the last two decades from about 300million in 1985 to more than 230million in 2004 and 382million in 2013. According to the estimations of the International Diabetes Federation, the number of diabetic patients will reach 592million by 2035. Although the incidence of types 1 and 2 diabetes is globally increasing, this rate is higher for the latter type. This can be due to increased prevalence of obesity, decreased rate of physical activities, and aging, which are all considered as the consequences of industrialization. 1,3 Although, diabetes is a main cause of mortality, some studies suggest that the reported number of deaths among diabetic patients is underestimated. In the United States, diabetes was the seventh cause of mortality in 2010. According to a recent estimate, diabetes is the cause of 5.1million deaths per year (8% of global deaths in 2013). According to the estimates, the diabetics accounted for 11% of global medical expenditures in 2013. 1

The Effect on Health Outcomes of Post-Intervention Transtheoretical Model-Based Motivational Interview in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Follow up a Cross-Sectional Study

“…5 In addition to the usual care, planning and using interventions based on effective, evidence-based psychological approaches is important for medical and chronic diseases in general, and especially for diabetes. 7 The results of the previous randomized controlled trial of the present study support the importance of continued motivational interviews in addition to the usual care. 8…”

“…Another study emphasized that the motivational interview had positive effects on the nutrition, medication compliance, and exercise in maintaining DM management. 7 It constitutes the main limitation that the quitted from sample size can be as potential sources of bias. Another limitation of the study is that the measurement tools are filled in by the researcher on the phone.…”

“…Hormones released by these negative emotions can increase the level of blood glucose and may have the anti-insulin effects that cause long-term diabetic complications. 6,7 The cost of increase in the prevalence of type 2 DM and the complications resulting from the extended human life span is very high. Moreover, identifying individuals at risk of developing type 2 DM and the lifestyle changes aimed at an increase in physical activity and weight control are included in the important targets for the prevention of the disease.…”

The Effect of Flipped Learning Method on Self-care of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

“…According to statistics, one out of every five Iranians has diabetes or has a high risk of developing diabetes. It is predicted that in 2030 Iran will rank second in the region after Pakistan (6,7), so prevention programs are very important to reduce its speed.…”

“…Compared to other chronic diseases, diabetes requires more self-care, and 95% of diabetes care is the patient's responsibility (7). Self-care is those activities people do independently to promote and maintain their health (8).…”