“…Due to its high heat transfer coefficient, boiling heat transfer (BHT) has been used widely in heat removal and thermal management applications, such as nuclear power, solar power, electronic chip cooling, and refrigeration. − However, the physics of boiling is complex and involves multiscale processes, phase changes, interfacial interactions, and bubble growth and departure. To demonstrate BHT performance, researchers developed the well-known boiling curve. , Two important factors are used to evaluate heat transfer performance: the heat transfer coefficient (HTC), which indicates the heat transfer efficiency, and critical heat flux (CHF), which represents the heat removal capacity limitation. , Much effort has been devoted to enhancing heat transfer performance by, for instance, modifying the properties of the working fluids, − changing the heating surface character, − and introducing an external force for active regulation. − …”