A Review on Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Development in the UK

Chen, Tianjin; Zhang, Xiaoping; Wang, Jianji; Li, Jianing; Wu, Changde; Hu, Mingzhu; Bian, Huiping

doi:10.35833/mpce.2018.000374

Cited by 225 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Standards are established with collaboration between competitors to develop a collectively acceptable standard to the benefit of each party [23]. Such standardisation requires greater cooperation and effort but results in a harmonised standard that allows for further mutually beneficial research and development.…”

Section: Market-led Standardisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardisation of UK Electric Vehicle Charging Protocol, Payment and Charge Point Connection

Chamberlain

Al-Majeed

2021

WEVJ

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Standardisation is fundamental to ensuring that new technologies develop and grow unhindered by manufacturer-led standards. Dismissing this vital issue can have a detrimental effect on society regarding adopting new technologies, particularly when government targets and regulations are crucial for their success. We have witnessed competing global industries struggle for dominance, such as Betamax versus VHS, where each had a similar user outcome, but the confusion of differing formats slowed growth. We analyse emerging standards for electric vehicle rapid charging and investigate how standardisation challenges affect stakeholders by reviewing the existing literature on single-mode and polymodal harmonisation. By assimilating existing evidence, we then develop a new understanding of the science behind multi-model standardisation (MMS) approaches. Our literature review reveals three primary standardisation issues: (1) charge connections, (2) car to charger communication protocols, and (3) charge payment methods. We then analyse each mode type’s benefit, observing how each example contributes to the overall outcome, and suggest that their impact depends on car to charger handshake timing and intuitive user interaction. Using a structured survey of 282 respondents, we analyse end-user satisfaction for factors affecting growth in the EV sector and compare these findings with the factors identified during our literature review. We consequently articulate a programme for future research to understand EV rapid charger standardisation better, proposing recommendations for vested stakeholders that embrace sponsors in societal, technological and scientific transformation.

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Section: Market-led Standardisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardisation of UK Electric Vehicle Charging Protocol, Payment and Charge Point Connection

Chamberlain

Al-Majeed

2021

WEVJ

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“…The independent parameter V from (3) is the per-unit supply voltage. If the actual voltage supply is equal to the nominal voltage V 0 , then V will be also equal to 1, as shown in (3).…”

Section: Static Load Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large amount of research has been conducted which focused on static studies and the economics of EVs [2], with emphasis on the electricity peak demand and system stress of EV charging [3][4][5][6]. It is also important to investigate the static and dynamic behaviour of EVs beyond charging profiles and geographical distribution-and into system stability aspects [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric Vehicle Charger Static and Dynamic Modelling for Power System Studies

2021

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Electric Vehicles (EVs) are becoming increasingly available and are expected to be a large part of the load in future power systems. EV chargers are a relatively new type of load and are mainly interfaced with the grid through power electronics. It is therefore important to investigate the impact they have on power system dynamic behaviour. In this paper, two detailed EV charger models (representing a typical slow and fast charger) were investigated. The aim was to test the capability of standard static—and more importantly, dynamic—load models, commonly used in power system studies, to represent the static and dynamic behaviour of EV chargers. Different control parameter settings for two types of EV chargers were investigated, as were the limits of standard power system dynamic load model structures’ accurate representation. Typical parameter sets have also been provided for cases where proper representation was possible.

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“…Nowadays, AC charging stations from public facilities allow a maximum charging rate within the range of 22 kW to 43 kW [126], making use of the AC/DC EV onboard charger to convert AC power supplied by the grid into DC power that feeds and recharges the EV batteries.…”

Section: Grid Integration and Interface Of Mobility Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Potential Contributions of Matrix Converters for the Future Grid Operation, Sustainable Transportation and Electrical Drives Innovation

et al. 2021

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Matrix converters have been extensively investigated in academia over the last 3 decades. Several review works targeting matrix converter topologies, commutation strategies, modulation and control techniques have been published. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, a review on the potential contributions of matrix converters for applications that are shaping the electric power sector transition towards decarbonization is lacking, namely applications on smart grids, sustainable transportation and electrical drives. This paper presents an extensive literature review on the more relevant research works targeting applications of matrix converters as an enabling key technology for smart and resilient grids, sustainable transportation, and innovation in variable speed electric drives.

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A Review on Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Development in the UK

Cited by 225 publications

References 59 publications

Standardisation of UK Electric Vehicle Charging Protocol, Payment and Charge Point Connection

Standardisation of UK Electric Vehicle Charging Protocol, Payment and Charge Point Connection

Electric Vehicle Charger Static and Dynamic Modelling for Power System Studies

On the Potential Contributions of Matrix Converters for the Future Grid Operation, Sustainable Transportation and Electrical Drives Innovation

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