A review on electrolytes for supercapacitor device

Abstract

Electrodes and electrolytes have a significant impact on the performance of supercapacitors. Electrodes are responsible for various energy storage mechanisms in supercapacitors, while electrolytes are crucial for defining energy density, power density, cyclic stability, and efficiency of devices. Various electrolytes, from aqueous to ionic liquid, have been studied and implemented as potential electrolytes for supercapacitors. The ionic size, conductivity, mobility, diffusion coefficient, and viscosity of electrolytes affect the device’s capacitance. Electrode type and its interaction with electrolytes are other factors to consider when choosing an electrolyte for a supercapacitor. In this review, an attempt has been made to provide a comprehensive and straightforward overview of the numerous electrolytes widely used for supercapacitor study and how these electrolytes interact with the electrodes to improve the performance of the supercapacitors.

Effect of Solid Polymer Electrolyte Based on Corn Starch and Lanthanum Nitrate on The Electrochemical Performance of Supercapacitor

“…It can be seen if the higher the salt concentration, the higher the ionic conductivity. Increased ion density, a wider range of electrolyte potentials, and stability of the supercapacitor at high voltages are thought to be the mechanisms behind the improvement of ionic conductivity in supercapacitors [18,19]. The amount of charge carriers, ion mobility, and ion valency all affect the electrolyte's ionic conductivity [18].…”

PEDOT:Nafion for Highly Efficient Supercapacitors

“…Electrochemical charging/discharging processes were performed by means of a galvanostatic mode in 1 M Na 2 SO 4 solution due to its common use in the characterization of supercapacitors allowing for comparing the collected results with previous literature studies. , FTO electrodes coated with NAFs were subjected to the current densities of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 1 mA cm –2 until the potential of 1.0 V (vs Ag/AgCl) was reached. The process of discharging was monitored until the potential of −0.5 V (vs Ag/AgCl) was reached.…”

Optimization of the Porous Structure of Carbon Electrodes for Hybrid Supercapacitors with a Redox Electrolyte Based on Potassium Bromide

“…An ideal supercapacitor would exhibit a linear relationship in its galvanostatic charge/discharge curve. However, the occurrence of redox reactions slows down the charge and discharge processes, altering the curve shape at high voltages [10].…”

“…There are two main methods for improving the performance of hybrid supercapacitors: developing new electrode materials and optimizing electrolytes [10,11]. There are two main types of electrolytes in hybrid supercapacitors: aqueous and organic.…”

“…Aqueous electrolytes have several distinct advantages over organic electrolytes, including higher conductivity, environmental sustainability, and cost effectiveness [10]. In this work, we used the aqueous electrolyte 5M NaNO 3 + 0.5M KBr because of its high electrical conductivity and the ability of NaNO 3 to inhibit metal corrosion by bromine ions [11].…”