A Review On Electropsun Chitosan Fibers For Bone Tissue Defects

Abstract

Bone tissue engineering has been an evolving field for decades in view of its intrinsic potential to regenerate and the necessity of repair in response to injuries or disorders. Scaffold implantation is one of the most applied techniques to overcome the donor crisis leading to bone regeneration using osteoinducible cells. Numerous combinations of scaffold composites are being designed in-order to achieve the maximum regeneration considering the parameters such as bio-compatibility, biodegradability osteo conductivity, mechanical strength and hydrophilicity that helps in the assessment of the possible negative impacts of the healing process. This review article concentrates on some of such composites where the chitosan, a natural polymer, is combined with the other biopolymers like synthetic and ceramic polymers at various concentrations and treatments reporting the desired results. The distinct characteristic of this review is that it focuses on the scaffolds that are completely Nano fibrous in nature fabricated by electro spinning. In this review, we reported the results of various combinations of chitosan and their significance. The ability to form (Calcium and Phosphate crystals-Biomineralization) is evident that chitosan combined with the other biopolymers can be contemplated as phenomenal scaffold as the used seed cells are clinically applied across the world – human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs), human fetal osteoblasts (hFOB), etc. Apart from the in-vitro studies, the results of in-vivo experiments were also included in this article where the implantation targets the calvarial bone regeneration. Besides osteogenic differentiation, this article highlighted the prominent efficiency of the scaffolds to exhibit the antimicrobial activity and to act as drug delivery system when doped with components like AgNO3, Chlorhexidine, ZnO and Amoxicillin, Sinapic acid respectively. Overall, in the current review, we tried to focus on consolidation of various results related to chitosan based nanofibers for bone tissue remodeling.