A review on epidemiology and ecology of west nile fever: An emerging arboviral disease

Dehghani, Rouhullah; Kassiri, Hamid; Kasiri, Niusha; Dehghani, Mousa

doi:10.4103/2221-6189.283885

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The data also demonstrate the significance of human activities in the transmission and exposure to arboviruses, with outdoor activities being one of the most important factors facilitating human-mosquito contact [20,22,38,39,[41][42][43]. This includes all recreational or professional activities such as gardening, fishing, hunting, regardless of the time of day (see Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Furthermore, human activities also contribute to the propagation of arboviruses. Outdoor activities, whether recreational or professional, such as grazing, fishing, hunting, or gardening, substantially increase the risk of viral exposure [20,22,38,39,[41][42][43]. This is observed for all viruses, except for the Zika virus.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, Culex mosquitoes are predominantly active at night and typically have a single blood meal per night [53]. Despite this difference in behavior, outdoor activities have been observed to be associated with exposure to all viruses transmitted by both Aedes and Culex mosquitoes [20,22,38,39,[41][42][43], except for the Zika virus. This study also revealed more specific factors for each virus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Interaction of Human Behavioral Factors Shapes the Transmission of Arboviruses by Aedes and Culex Mosquitoes

Renard,

Pérez Lombardini,

Pacheco Zapata

et al. 2023

Pathogens

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Arboviruses, i.e., viruses transmitted by blood-sucking arthropods, trigger significant global epidemics. Over the past 20 years, the frequency of the (re-)emergence of these pathogens, particularly those transmitted by Aedes and Culex mosquitoes, has dramatically increased. Therefore, understanding how human behavior is modulating population exposure to these viruses is of particular importance. This synthesis explores human behavioral factors driving human exposure to arboviruses, focusing on household surroundings, socio-economic status, human activities, and demographic factors. Household surroundings, such as the lack of water access, greatly influence the risk of arbovirus exposure by promoting mosquito breeding in stagnant water bodies. Socio-economic status, such as low income or low education, is correlated to an increased incidence of arboviral infections and exposure. Human activities, particularly those practiced outdoors, as well as geographical proximity to livestock rearing or crop cultivation, inadvertently provide favorable breeding environments for mosquito species, escalating the risk of virus exposure. However, the effects of demographic factors like age and gender can vary widely through space and time. While climate and environmental factors crucially impact vector development and viral replication, household surroundings, socio-economic status, human activities, and demographic factors are key drivers of arbovirus exposure. This article highlights that human behavior creates a complex interplay of factors influencing the risk of mosquito-borne virus exposure, operating at different temporal and spatial scales. To increase awareness among human populations, we must improve our understanding of these complex factors.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Interaction of Human Behavioral Factors Shapes the Transmission of Arboviruses by Aedes and Culex Mosquitoes

Renard,

Pérez Lombardini,

Pacheco Zapata

et al. 2023

Pathogens

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Figure 2. Evidence of West Nile virus[48,96,99,107,[119][120][121][122], Chikungunya virus[15,[46][47][48], Dengue virus[15,48,58,60,62], Sindbis virus[75] and Rift valley fever virus[109] in Iran in either humans, animals, or mosquitoes by indirect and direct evidence.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Medically Significant Vector-Borne Viral Diseases in Iran

Paquette,

Simon,

XIII

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vector-borne viral diseases (VBVDs) continue to pose a considerable public health risk to animals and humans globally. Vectors have integral roles in autochthonous circulation and dissemination of VBVDs worldwide. The interplay of agricultural activities, population expansion, urbanization, host/pathogen evolution, and climate change, all contribute to the continual flux in shaping the epidemiology of VBVDs. In recent decades, VBVDs, once endemic to particular countries, have expanded into new regions such as Iran and its neighbors, increasing the risk of outbreaks and other public health concerns. Both Iran and its neighboring countries are known to host a number of VBVDs that are endemic to these countries or newly circulating. The proximity of Iran to countries hosting regional diseases, along with increased global socioeconomic activities, e.g., international trade and travel, potentially increases the risk for introduction of new VBVDs into Iran. In this review, we examined the epidemiology of numerous VBVDs circulating in Iran, such as Chikungunya virus, Dengue virus, Sindbis virus, West Nile virus, Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Sandfly-borne phleboviruses, and Hantavirus, in relation to their vectors, specifically mosquitoes, ticks, sandflies, and rodents. In addition, we discussed the interplay of factors, e.g., urbanization and climate change on VBVD dissemination patterns and the consequent public health risks in Iran, highlighting the importance of a One Health approach to further surveil and to evolve mitigation strategies.

show abstract