A Review on External and Internal Approaches to Overcome Speaking Anxiety and Coping Strategies among Pre-service ESL Teachers

Abstract

This study comprehensively reviews previous literature in the investigation of language and anxiety. In this review study, we reviewed previous studies on how individuals cope with speaking anxiety and identified useful external and internal approaches used by teachers to help students alleviate anxiety when delivering their speech in an online classroom as well as pinpointed effective strategies used by learners to cope with speaking anxiety. It is hoped that findings of this review study will provide valuable information with significant theoretical and practical importance to increase the understanding of speaking and anxiety. In this study, several external and internal approaches used to cope with speaking anxiety among preservice ESL student teachers include sociological factors, pedagogical factors, technological factors, linguistics factors, psychological factors and skills training in assisting learners to deal with speaking anxiety.