A review on extraction techniques and therapeutic value of polar bioactives from Asian medicinal herbs: Case study on Orthosiphon aristatus, Eurycoma longifolia and Andrographis paniculata

Aziz, Nur Amanina Abd; Hasham, Rosnani; Sarmidi, Mohamad Roji; Suhaimi, Siti Hasyimah; Idris, Mohamad Khairul Hafiz

doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2020.12.016

Cited by 42 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 103 publications

(65 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In general, Akt acts as a downstream factor of PI3K, which is mediated by phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK-1) ( Manning and Toker, 2017 ). Meanwhile, RA is a cinnamic acid derivative ( Abd Aziz et al, 2021 ), and studies have shown that cinnamic acid could activate PI3K via binding to G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) ( Li et al, 2011 ; Kopp et al, 2014 ; Fruman et al, 2017 ). Therefore, we speculate that RA has a similar function in activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which is regarded as a critical event for survival and proliferation in various IR models ( Dhanasekaran et al, 2008 ; Liu et al, 2020 ), while these effects could be abolished by coadministration with the PI3K specific inhibitor wortmannin, which binds to the p110 catalytic subunit of PI3K and irreversibly inhibits the enzyme ( Ui et al, 1995 ; Ihara et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rosmarinic Acid Ameliorates Pulmonary Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Activating the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pulmonary ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is the leading cause of acute lung injury, which is mainly attributed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced cell injuries and apoptosis. Since rosmarinic acid (RA) has been identified as an antioxidant natural ester, this natural compound might protect against pulmonary IR injury. In this study, the mice were given RA daily (50, 75, or 100 mg/kg) by gavage for 7 days before the pulmonary IR injury. We found that hypoxemia, pulmonary edema, and serum inflammation cytokines were aggravated in pulmonary IR injury. RA pretreatment (75 and 100 mg/kg) effectively reversed these parameters, while 50 mg/kg RA pretreatment was less pronounced. Our data also indicated RA pretreatment mitigated the upregulation of pro-oxidant NADPH oxidases (NOX2 and NOX4) and the downregulation of anti-oxidant superoxide dismutases (SOD1 and SOD2) upon IR injury. In vitro studies showed RA preserved the viability of anoxia/reoxygenation (AR)-treated A549 cells (a human lung epithelial cell line), and the results showed the protective effect of RA started at 5 μM concentration, reached its maximum at 15 μM, and gradually decreased at 20–25 μM. Besides, RA pretreatment (15 μM) greatly reduced the lactate dehydrogenase release levels subjected to AR treatment. Moreover, the results of our research revealed that RA eliminated ROS production and reduced alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis through activating the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway, which was supported by using wortmannin, because in the presence of wortmannin, the RA-mediated protection was blocked. Meanwhile, wortmannin also reversed the protective effects of RA in mice. Together, our results demonstrate the beneficial role of RA in pulmonary IR injury via PI3K/Akt-mediated anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis, which could be a promising therapeutic intervention for pulmonary IR injury.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rosmarinic Acid Ameliorates Pulmonary Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Activating the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Based on the study, the hexane fraction of S. swartzii and Cystoseira myrica were most effective against Caco-2 and T47D cells, respectively. Abd Aziz et al [30] and Pacheco et al [31] confirmed that fatty acids extracted from macroalgae could suppress the growth of MCF-7 cancer cells. Similar results were demonstrated previously by Hussain et al [32] with Phaeodactylum tricornutum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Mechanistic Insight into Apoptotic Induction in Human Rhabdomyosarcoma and Breast Adenocarcinoma Cells by Chnoospora minima: A Sri Lankan Brown Seaweed

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The current study determined the cytotoxic and apoptotic potential of the polyphenol-rich methanol extract of Chnoospora minima (C. minima) and its fractions against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) and rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) cells. MTT and neutral red assays were used to determine cytotoxicity. The clonogenic assay evaluated the antineoplastic activity, while the apoptotic activity was determined by cellular morphological changes, caspase 3/7 activity, and DNA fragmentation. Morphological alterations in apoptosis were observed by an inverted phase-contrast microscope and Hoechst 33342 staining methods. The total phenolic, flavonoids, alkaloids, and antioxidant activity in the hexane and chloroform fractions were determined, based on their cytotoxic activity. The hexane fraction of C. minima effectively reduced the cell growth that is concentration-dependent in human RMS and MCF-7 cell lines. It also exhibited low cytotoxicity on Vero cells. The characteristic cellular and nuclear apoptotic morphological features were observed. A noticeable caspase 3/7 activation and the fragmented DNA were detected only in the hexane fraction treated RMS cells, whereas MCF-7 cells showed low caspase 3/7 activation due to a lack of caspase 3 and no evidence of having a typical ladder pattern of apoptosis. Further analysis revealed that the hexane fraction-treated RMS cells upregulated the p53 gene twofold (2.72) compared to the p21 (0.77) gene, whereas in the MCF-7 cells, a 2.21-fold upregulation of p53 was observed compared to the p21 (0.64) gene. The hexane fraction exhibited moderate total phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids content, and antioxidant activity. According to the different antioxidant mechanisms, hexane and chloroform fractions showed the highest antioxidant activities by FRAP and ORAC assays, respectively. GC-MS analysis of hexane fraction revealed the presence of methyl tetradecanoate (38.314%) as the most abundant compound. The study’s findings highlighted that the non-polar compounds present in the hexane fraction of C. minima suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis-mediated cell death in RMS and MCF-7 cells, mainly via the activation of the p53 gene. Hence, the isolation of compounds is warranted. However, more studies are required to understand the mechanistic insights of these observations.

show abstract

“…Extractive values obtained with different solvents are significant for evaluating crude drugs, particularly when the constituents of a crude drug cannot be recognized by any other means (Rubab et al, 2021). These values verify the types and amount of the various active phytochemical ingredients, in medicinally important plants, based on their nature and the solvent used because a particular solvent yields a specific type of phytochemical in a specific amount (Abd Aziz et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacognostic standardization of Xanthium spinosum L. through scanning electron microscopy and analytical techniques

Shabana

Barkatullah

Nafees

2022

Microscopy Res & Technique

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present study was intended to evaluate the pharmacognostic attributes including macroscopy, microscopy, physico‐chemical and phytochemical screening of the aerial part of Xanthium spinosum, belonging to family Asteraceae. Morphologically, the leaf was covered with sparsely scattered non‐glandular, multicellular hair on adaxial surface, while abaxial surface was reported with dense silvery furs. Leaf showed lamphystomatic nature bearing anomocytic stomata. Various other leaf constant values like vein islets number, vein termination number and palisade cell ratio were also observed and recorded as 4.36 ± 0.5, 3.36 ± 0.5, and 11.82 ± 2.04, respectively. Cross section of the stem showed typical dicot anatomy differentiated into a single epidermal layer followed by few rows of collenchyma cells, thin‐walled parenchyma cells followed by closed and collateral vascular bundles having prephloemic sheaths and a central pith. Light and scanning electron microscopy of the powdered drug revealed a variety of tissues and cells fragments having different measurements. Fluorescence analysis of the fine powder treated with different reagents revealed a variety of colors implying as a sign for the presence of various biochemical constituents. Highest and lowest percent extractive value was found in methanol and distilled water which were 29.10% and 9.80%, respectively. Qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of various secondary metabolites like flavonoids, phenols, tannins, glycosides, phytosterols, glycosides, saponins, and coumarins, while quantitative phytochemical screening detected maximum quantity of flavonoids in chloroform followed by methanol and ethyl acetate. The aforementioned studies have been reported first time for the said species, which may be helpful for the standardization of the current taxon.

show abstract

A review on extraction techniques and therapeutic value of polar bioactives from Asian medicinal herbs: Case study on Orthosiphon aristatus, Eurycoma longifolia and Andrographis paniculata

Cited by 42 publications

References 103 publications

Rosmarinic Acid Ameliorates Pulmonary Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Activating the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway

Rosmarinic Acid Ameliorates Pulmonary Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Activating the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway

Mechanistic Insight into Apoptotic Induction in Human Rhabdomyosarcoma and Breast Adenocarcinoma Cells by Chnoospora minima: A Sri Lankan Brown Seaweed

Pharmacognostic standardization of Xanthium spinosum L. through scanning electron microscopy and analytical techniques

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About