A review on fibrous materials for body armor application

Deora, Prayagraj Singh; Khurana, Monika; Priya, .; Muhal, Ram Avtar; Upadhyay, Dhruv; Goswami, Chandramani

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2022.03.209

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Research has also been reported on vests with fluids that change their viscosity under impact, consuming a substantial part of the impact energy [14,[21][22][23]. However, these solutions cannot currently be mass-produced, and researchers' interest is equally focused on high-performance fibres, usually organised in fabrics [24][25][26][27][28]. For stab protection, polymeric fibres are used [29], as well as carbon fibres [30] and metallic fibres [31], sometimes in bold combinations [32], with natural [33] but…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Behaviour of Stratified Fabrics of Aramid Fibres under Stabbing Conditions

Deleanu,

Totolici Rusu,

Ojoc

et al. 2024

Polymers

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This paper presents research on several factors influencing the stabbing behaviour of stratified panels made of aramid fabric Twaron® SRM509 Teijin Aramid BV (Arnhem, The Netherlands). The inputs in the test campaign were the number of layers, the impact energy, and the sample size. Tests were performed on small samples (130 mm × 130 mm) on an Instron® CEAST 9350 drop-tower impact system (Norwood, MA, USA) and on larger samples (400 mm × 400 mm) using a test installation with the same values of the impact energy. Knife type S1 was used, with the geometry recommended in NIJ Standard 0115.00 Stab Resistance of Body Armor SEM, and macro photography investigations revealed the failure mechanisms of panel, layers and fibres. A very important conclusion of this study regarding the stabbing performance of fabric Twaron® SRM 509 in particular, but also in general for panels for body protection is that a research study could start on small size samples, with an accurately instrumented machine, in order to establish the influence of significant factors of stab resistance (energy level, number of layers in a panel, etc.), as these samples are less expensive and less time consuming, but the study should be continued to examine larger size samples. The obtained data are useful for the prototype.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Behaviour of Stratified Fabrics of Aramid Fibres under Stabbing Conditions

Deleanu,

Totolici Rusu,

Ojoc

et al. 2024

Polymers

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“…[2][3][4][5][6][7] High-performance synthetic fibers such as aramid, nylon, and carbon fibers are typically employed in these applications along with the STF. 8,9 In a typical rheological curve of viscosity vs shear rate for a STF, there are four characteristics zones namely (i) Newtonian region, (ii) shear thinning region (iii) shear thickening region, and finally (iv) second shear thinning region. The first shear thinning region is due to the aligned particle microstructure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These unique properties are utilized in combination with materials like fibers/fabrics to enhance impact resistance and vibration control devices, 1 which in turn are used in the applications in smart buildings, smart fabrics, shock absorbers, and used in liquid body armor, a type of “soft armor” designed to protect against ballistic threats while maintaining mobility 2–7 . High‐performance synthetic fibers such as aramid, nylon, and carbon fibers are typically employed in these applications along with the STF 8,9 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of monodispersed silica‐based shear thickening fluid for impact resistance applications

Kumar,

Bishnoi,

Ghosh

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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Shear thickening fluid (STF), a highly concentrated mixture of nanosized silica particles in polyethylene glycol (PEG) is characterized by its quick transition to a stiff, solid‐like form under high shear rates. In this study, the modified Stöber synthesis approach was used for synthesizing the monodispersed spherical 300 nm silica nanoparticles. The rheological properties of the STF formulated using different silica loading were characterized. The Takshak model was tested to assess the rheological properties. The effect of the STFs on the impact resistance and yarn pull‐out force of the Kevlar® 802 fabric was determined. The uniformity in size of the silica nanoparticles facilitated more efficient packing within the fluid matrix, resulting in the formation of networks or structures that enhance shear thickening behavior. The STF with 70% silica exhibited the best peak viscosity of 45.8 Pa.s. Upon impregnation of this STF onto the Kevlar, a significantly high energy absorption (478.4%) compared to neat Kevlar, was observed. Moreover, the yarn pull‐out force for this system was found to be very high (435.8%). The reasons for the enhancement of the properties are explained. The novelty of this work lies in the synthesis of silica particles, analysis of the rheological properties, and interrelating the rheological properties with the characteristic parameters to define the impact characteristics. The improved properties underscore the suitability of synthesized STF for impact resistance applications.

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“…Owing to the excellent flexibility, weavability, composability, fibrous materials play an important role in military [1], aerospace [2], textile [3], etc. Especially functional fabrics have attracted great attention due to their sensing [4][5][6], electromagnetic shielding [7,8], antibacterial properties [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical study on wrinkling of gradient shell on rigid cylindrical substrate for patterned functional fabric

et al. 2023

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Inspired by wrinkled surfaces such as earthworms in nature, the construction of wrinkled patterns on fiber surfaces provides a novel idea for high-performance functional fibers and fabrics. Recent theoretical and experimental studies focused on wrinkling patterns on compliant substrates, however, most industrial fibers are rigid. Based on previous experiments of wrinkling on rigid PET fiber from gradient shell, herein the wrinkling formation and evolution based on a novel gradient shell-rigid core (GSRC) system is studied via the nonlinear finite element method (FEM). The results demonstrate that wrinkling is formed due to the stress-induced mutagenesis generated from the gradient shell modulus. The higher gradient factor of shell modulus leads to smaller critical mismatched strain, i.e., easier formation of surface wrinkling. Then a post-buckling phenomenon in this system is studied, involving a successive bifurcation: smooth-wrinkle-ridge transition. Meanwhile, the evolution of topological patterns is significantly influenced by the shell-induced curvature. This study not only benefits the understanding of wrinkling gradient shell on rigid cylindrical substrate but also provides useful guilds for the fabrication of surface patterned functional fiber or fabrics.

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A review on fibrous materials for body armor application

Cited by 16 publications

References 38 publications

The Behaviour of Stratified Fabrics of Aramid Fibres under Stabbing Conditions

The Behaviour of Stratified Fabrics of Aramid Fibres under Stabbing Conditions

Synthesis and characterization of monodispersed silica‐based shear thickening fluid for impact resistance applications

Numerical study on wrinkling of gradient shell on rigid cylindrical substrate for patterned functional fabric

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