A Review on Flaming Ignition of Solid Combustibles: Pyrolysis Kinetics, Experimental Methods and Modelling

Gong, Junhui; Yang, Lizhong

doi:10.1007/s10694-022-01339-7

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 366 publications

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“…A potential weakness of current study is the fact that pyrolysis in the solid before ignition was ignored. This assumption is reasonable and would introduce negligible influence for piloted ignition wherein pyrolysis exerts little impact [34]. Nevertheless, this hypothesis is unacceptable for autoignition, where intense thermal decomposition occurs in the vicinity of surface before ignition, implying pyrolysis cannot be neglected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Combining the numerical model, heuristic optimization algorithms and experimental measurements to determine unknown properties is a common routine. More specifically, it is commonly called the curve-fitting method [34]. In this method, the experimental curves are simulated by the numerical model, and the target unknown parameters serving as inputs are adjusted by the PSO algorithm in each iteration until a prescribed error tolerance between numerical and experimental curves is achieved, indicating convergence.…”

Section: Pso Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Algorithm in Determining Thermodynamics of Solid Combustibles

Pan

Gong

2023

Energies

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The thermodynamics of a solid are crucial in predicting thermal responses and fire behaviors, and they are commonly determined by inverse modeling and optimization algorithms at constant heat flux. However, in practical scenarios, the imposed heat flux frequently varies with time, and related thermodynamics determination methods are rarely reported. In this study, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and a 1D numerical model were utilized to determine temperature-dependent thermal conductivity and specific heat of beech wood and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Surface, 3 and 6 mm in-depth temperatures were measured in three sets of ignition tests where constant and time-dependent heat fluxes (HFs) were applied. In each set, PSO was implemented at individual HFs, and the average value was deemed as the final outcome. Reliability of the optimized thermodynamics was verified by comparing with the reported values in the literature and predicting the experimental measurements that were not employed during parameterization. The results showed that wood thermodynamics attained under constant and time-dependent HFs in agreement with previously reported ones. Similar optimization procedures were conducted for PMMA, and good agreement with literature values was found. Using the obtained thermodynamics of wood under constant HF, the numerical model successfully captured the surface temperature at time-dependent HFs. Meanwhile, comparisons using wood temperatures at constant HFs and PMMA temperatures at linear HFs also verified the feasibility of PSO.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pso Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Algorithm in Determining Thermodynamics of Solid Combustibles

Pan

Gong

2023

Energies

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“…The concept of the energy balance serves as a fundamental tool in comprehending the combustion dynamics of solid materials [5]. The energy inputs involved in the combustion reaction encompass the heat provided by an external source, the radiation of heat from the flame, and the heat generated from the oxidation of the charred wood layer [6]. This cumulative input is counterbalanced by the energy demanded for the gasification of wood Fire 2024, 7, 30 2 of 18 components within the pyrolysis region and the accumulation of energy within the charred layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burning Properties of Combined Glued Laminated Timber

Kytka,

Gašparík,

Novák

et al. 2024

Fire

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This study delved into the combustion properties of combined glulam bonded using polyurethane (PUR) and resorcinol-phenol-formaldehyde (RPF) adhesives. The experiment involved three distinct wood species, namely, spruce, alder, and beech, which were combined in homogeneous, non-homogeneous symmetrical, and non-homogeneous asymmetrical arrangements. These species were selected to represent a spectrum, namely, softwood (spruce), low-density hardwood (alder), and high-density hardwood (beech). The varying combinations of wood species illustrate potential compositions within structural elements, aiming to optimize mechanical bending resistance. Various parameters were measured during combustion, namely, the heat release rate (HRR), peak heat release rate (pHRR), mass loss rate (MLR), average rate of heat emission (ARHE), peak average rate of heat emission (MARHE), time to ignition (TTI), and effective heat of combustion (EHC). The findings indicate that incorporating beech wood into the composite glulam resulted in an increase in heat release, significantly altering the burning characteristics, which was particularly evident at the second peak. Conversely, the use of spruce wood exhibited the lowest heat release rate. Alder wood, when subjected to heat flux at the glued joint, displayed the highest heat emission, aligning with the results for EHC and MARHE. This observation suggests that wood species prone to early thermal decomposition emit more heat within a shorter duration. The time to ignition (TTI) was consistent, occurring between the first and second minute across all tested wood species and combinations. Notably, when subjected to heat flux, the glulam samples bonded with PUR adhesive experienced complete delamination of the initial two glued joints, whereas those bonded with RPF adhesive exhibited only partial delamination.

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“…Flame retardants, such as APP, Sb 2 O 3 , ZB, and LDHs, are the potential flame retardants to be compounded with ATH. Previous studies have indicated the use of flame retardants to inhibit pyrolysis or delay ignition . APP, a typical phosphorus flame retardant, has a weight loss in 310–790 °C, covering nearly the whole temperature range of asphalt decomposition .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have indicated the use of flame retardants to inhibit pyrolysis or delay ignition. 28 APP, a typical phosphorus flame retardant, has a weight loss in 310–790 °C, covering nearly the whole temperature range of asphalt decomposition. 29 The thermal decomposition of APP produces dehydrating polyphosphate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Compounded Aluminum Hydroxide Flame Retardants on the Flammability and Smoke Suppression Performance of Asphalt Binders

Zhu,

Yang,

Lin

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Compounded aluminum hydroxide (ATH) flame retardants have been widely used for their low cost and environmentally friendly characteristics. However, previous research lacks a systematic and comprehensive comparison. In addition, the combustion characteristics and phase characterization of asphalt binders are not taken into account either. In this work, flame retardants, for instance, APP, Sb 2 O 3 , ZB, and LDHs, were compounded with ATH. The flame retardant behavior, together with the smoke suppression behavior, of asphalt binders with compounded flame retardants was determined by LOI and CCT. Furthermore, mechanisms on flame retardants were investigated. It was found that ATH compounded with ZB significantly reduced the heat smoke release and suppressed the formation of toxic volatiles during asphalt combustion. This was because ATH/ZB facilitated the formation of polyaromatic structures and improved the resistance of the char layer. ATH compounded with APP showed an antagonistic effect in the limiting oxygen test because the reaction between ATH and APP inhibited and delayed the decomposition of ATH during asphalt combustion with more aluminum phosphate presenting relatively poor barrier properties produced.

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A Review on Flaming Ignition of Solid Combustibles: Pyrolysis Kinetics, Experimental Methods and Modelling

Cited by 11 publications

References 366 publications

Application of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Algorithm in Determining Thermodynamics of Solid Combustibles

Application of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Algorithm in Determining Thermodynamics of Solid Combustibles

Burning Properties of Combined Glued Laminated Timber

Effect of Compounded Aluminum Hydroxide Flame Retardants on the Flammability and Smoke Suppression Performance of Asphalt Binders

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