A review on floating photovoltaic (FPV) power generation units

Ranjbaran, Parisa; Yousefi, Hossein; Gharehpetian, Gevork B.; Astaraei, Fatemeh Razi

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.05.015

Cited by 151 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…An alternative and innovative method consists in the installation of PV systems on water surfaces such as reservoirs of hydroelectric plants, canals, rivers, or water basins. This allows to preserve soil for other purposes, to reduce the growth of algae in the basins where eutrophication is present and also to reduce the phenomenon of evaporation of water surfaces, thus allowing the use of water, for example, for irrigation 8 . A further advantage of these systems consists of the evaporative cooling of the PV cells, which allows increasing the production efficiency as the temperature of the modules is abated with respect to a classic system on the ground, with the same climatic conditions 9 : energy‐water nexus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This allows to preserve soil for other purposes, to reduce the growth of algae in the basins where eutrophication is present and also to reduce the phenomenon of evaporation of water surfaces, thus allowing the use of water, for example, for irrigation. 8 A further advantage of these systems consists of the evaporative cooling of the PV cells, which allows increasing the production efficiency as the temperature of the modules is abated with respect to a classic system on the ground, with the same climatic conditions 9 : energy-water nexus. The benefits of putting solar modules a topwater bodies include increased economic output per unit of land, improved output (due likely to the cooling effect of water on solar panels) and reduced water evaporation.…”

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An assessment study of evaporation rate models on a water basin with floating photovoltaic plants

et al. 2020

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Summary Under the general topic of the impact of floating photovoltaics (FPVs) systems on water basins, the present study aims to model and analyze the effect of FPVs on the evaporation rate of water surfaces. The estimation of the evaporation of the water surface of a basin is usually calculated using mathematical evaporation models that require knowledge of some parameters (ie, solar radiation, humidity, air temperature, water temperature, and wind velocity). Thus, in the first section of this study, some evaporative models (EVM) for free water basin have been examined to evaluate which are the environmental variables used. On the basis of this analysis, new numerical models for the calculation of the daily evaporation rate have been developed using the design of experiments (DoE) method (three models) and the linear regression method (two models). The results of the developed models have been compared with the experimental measurements carried out by an evaporimeter; such comparison has highlighted the robustness of the proposed numerical models. Moreover, for estimating the evaporation rate in water basins partially covered by FPVs, further three numerical methods are proposed. Finally, the evaporation rates, arising by the installation of different typology of FPVs on water basins, have been evaluated as function of the energy balance on the water surface. It is possible to highlight that the amount of evaporated water depends not only on the percentage of surface covered but also on the characteristics of floating systems. Covering only 30% of the surface of a basin, it is possible to obtain up to 49% reduction in evaporation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

An assessment study of evaporation rate models on a water basin with floating photovoltaic plants

et al. 2020

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“…When choosing the optimal solution, the following table might be helpful, but obviously, there are many other details to be taken into consideration, such as the location, the number of possible members of the association, the current status of the nearby irrigation channel, etc. [76][77][78]. The aforementioned features (see Table 1) of the possible implementation solutions are explored in the next sections of this study and compared with the proposed solution.…”

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Implementing Blockchain Technology in Irrigation Systems That Integrate Photovoltaic Energy Generation Systems

et al. 2020

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Traditionally, the energy industry has been slow in adopting new disruptive technologies and the transition to a new energy market will require a new digital transformation plan, involving all parties from the energy market. Although it now seems to be an impossible and hard-to-accept scenario, especially by the big players in the industry, the pilot projects so far demonstrate that blockchain can play a major role in the future energy market, even if the technology is still in the first stages of the adoption life cycle. This article attempts to describe a solution to provide alternative irrigation systems for small farmers. The solution involves creating associations of small farmers that will use green energy from photovoltaic panels for the irrigation of agricultural lands. The efficiency of the proposed system can be monitored not only through digital hardware connected to photovoltaic panels and water pumps, but also by using the new blockchain technology that stimulates innovation and growth in the energy and a high level of automation though smart contracts. To accelerate the transition to the green energy economy, a SolarCoin version similar to the Bitcoin cryptocurrency has also been proposed, which is a utility token that creates new possibilities for energy and water trading.Sustainability 2020, 12, 1540 2 of 30 photovoltaic panels can still be used at high capacity to supplement the energy required to run the farm [4,12,13].Photovoltaic systems are ideal in isolated areas that do not have access to the national energy system. Below, the most important advantages of applying the photovoltaic systems in agriculture have been listed [14-16]:

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“…A number of studies have been conducted on FPVSs, which assessed them from different points of view. Ranjbaran et al [20] presented an analytical analysis and updated review that studied different aspects of FPV systems as a power generation system. There has been little work conducted on using FPVSs in reducing evaporation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reservoir Management by Reducing Evaporation Using Floating Photovoltaic System: A Case Study of Lake Nasser, Egypt

Abd-Elhamid

Ahmed

Zeleňáková

et al. 2021

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The shortage of water is a major obstruction to the social and economic development of many countries, including Egypt. Therefore, there is an urgent need to properly manage water resources to achieve optimum water use. One way of saving available water resources is to reduce evaporation that leads to the loss of a large amount of water from reservoirs and open lakes. This paper aims to use a floating photovoltaic system (FPVS) to cover a lake’s water surface to reduce evaporation and also for energy production. This methodology was applied to Lake Nasser as one of the largest lakes in the world where much evaporation happens due to its large area, arid environments, and the shallow depths of some parts of the lake. The estimated evaporation from the lake was 12.0 × 109 m3/year. The results show that covering 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the lake can save about 2.1, 4.2, 6.3, 7.0, and 8.4 × 109 m3/year and produce energy of 2.85 × 109, 5.67 × 109, 8.54 × 109, and 11.38 × 109 MWh/year, respectively. Covering areas of shallow water depth was more efficient and economical. The results show that covering 15% of the lake’s area (depths from 0.0 to 3.0 m) can save 2.66 × 109 m3/year and produce 1.7 MWh/year. Covering 25% of the lake’s area (depths from 0.0 to 7.0) can save 3.5 × 109 m3/year and produce 2.854 MWh/year. Using an FPVS to cover parts of Lake Nasser could help manage water resources and energy production for Egypt to overcome the likely shortage of water resources due to population growth. This system could be applied in different locations of the world which could help in increasing water resources and energy production, especially in arid and semi-arid regions.

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A review on floating photovoltaic (FPV) power generation units

Cited by 151 publications

References 123 publications

An assessment study of evaporation rate models on a water basin with floating photovoltaic plants

An assessment study of evaporation rate models on a water basin with floating photovoltaic plants

Implementing Blockchain Technology in Irrigation Systems That Integrate Photovoltaic Energy Generation Systems

Reservoir Management by Reducing Evaporation Using Floating Photovoltaic System: A Case Study of Lake Nasser, Egypt

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