A review on future episodic thinking in mood and anxiety disorders

Moustafa, Ahmed A.; Morris, Alejandro N; Haj, Mohamad El

doi:10.1515/revneuro-2017-0055

Cited by 31 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Depression is typically associated with overgenerality, probably to avoid the processing of upsetting or distressful events or even mood disturbances (Williams, 2006). The relationship between depression and overgenerality has not been solely reported for past thinking but also for future thinking (Moustafa et al, 2018). Depression is characterized by a low ability to imagine episodic future scenarios.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other words, they demonstrate a tendency to imagine general rather than episodic future events that may occur in a specific time and space (D'Argembeau et al, 2006;El Haj et al, 2019). The overgenerality of future thinking in AUD may represent an avoidance strategy in which individuals with AUD construct general future scenarios to replace feelings associated with projecting themselves into the future with abstract thought and, therefore, to avoid emotional experiences (El Haj et al, 2019;Moustafa et al, 2018). The overgenerality of future thinking in AUD has also been associated with difficulties in initiating appropriate problem-solving strategies for upcoming challenges, as well as with difficulties in imagining potential achievements, resulting in negative self-image, low self-esteem and motivations, and consequently in relapses (El Haj et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The grey future: Overgenerality of emotional future thinking in alcohol-use disorders

Nandrino

Haj

2019

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background: While previous research has highlighted the overgenerality of future thinking in alcohol-use disorders (AUD), the emotional characteristics of future thinking were not taken into account. We therefore evaluated the ability to retrieve episodic (i.e., events that happened at a particular place and time and lasted for a day or less) emotional future events in AUD. Methods: We invited 36 participants with AUD and 40 control participants to imagine positive, negative and neutral future scenarios and analyzed these scenarios regarding their episodic characteristics (i.e., the ability of participants to imagine future events situated in time and space enriched with phenomenological details). Results: Analysis demonstrated lower episodic positive, negative and neutral future thinking in participants with AUD than in control participants. Participants with AUD also demonstrated lower episodic positive and negative future thinking compared to episodic neutral future thinking. Interestingly, high depression scores were associated with overgenerality of neutral, positive, and negative future thinking in AUD participants. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate overgenerality of both positive and negative future thinking in AUD. This overgenerality may represent an avoidance strategy in which individuals with AUD may try to avoid the hopelessness and/or conflicts that may be activated when constructing future scenarios.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The grey future: Overgenerality of emotional future thinking in alcohol-use disorders

Nandrino

Haj

2019

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…A. Moustafa et al, 2018a;Moustafa et al, 2018b). In other words, individuals who think more about the future may abide by security rules to make sure their computer system is safe in the future.…”

Section: Individual Differences Underlying Cyber Security Behavioursmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of User Behaviour in Improving Cyber Security Management

2021

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Information security has for long time been a field of study in computer science, software engineering, and information communications technology. The term ‘information security’ has recently been replaced with the more generic term cybersecurity. The goal of this paper is to show that, in addition to computer science studies, behavioural sciences focused on user behaviour can provide key techniques to help increase cyber security and mitigate the impact of attackers’ social engineering and cognitive hacking methods (i.e., spreading false information). Accordingly, in this paper, we identify current research on psychological traits and individual differences among computer system users that explain vulnerabilities to cyber security attacks and crimes. Our review shows that computer system users possess different cognitive capabilities which determine their ability to counter information security threats. We identify gaps in the existing research and provide possible psychological methods to help computer system users comply with security policies and thus increase network and information security.

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“…Shifts in the content and modes of episodic future thinking have been documented in detail in affective disorders. Content shifts include an overrepresentation of possible negative future events in both anxiety and depression, while a reduction in the generation of positive future events occurs in depression (for reviews see Miloyan et al, 2014 ; MacLeod, 2016 ; Moustafa et al, 2018a ). Moreover, subtle shifts in the kinds of details (e.g., episodic versus semantic) and representational format (imagery-based versus verbal-linguistic) of episodic foresight have been demonstrated in various clinical disorders (reviewed in Hallford et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Changes In Prospection: Adaptive Alterations Versus Maladaptmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Functions of Prospection – Variations in Health and Disease

Bulley

Irish

2018

Front. Psychol.

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Much of human life revolves around anticipating and planning for the future. It has become increasingly clear that this capacity for prospective cognition is a core adaptive function of the mind. Here, we review the role of prospection in two key functional domains: goal-directed behavior and flexible decision-making. We then survey and categorize variations in prospection, with a particular focus on functional impact in clinical psychological conditions and neurological disorders. Finally, we suggest avenues for future research into the functions of prospection and the manner in which these functions can shift toward maladaptive outcomes. In doing so, we consider the conceptualization and measurement of prospection, as well as novel approaches to its augmentation in healthy people and managing its alterations in a clinical context.

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A review on future episodic thinking in mood and anxiety disorders

Cited by 31 publications

References 57 publications

The grey future: Overgenerality of emotional future thinking in alcohol-use disorders

The grey future: Overgenerality of emotional future thinking in alcohol-use disorders

The Role of User Behaviour in Improving Cyber Security Management

The Functions of Prospection – Variations in Health and Disease

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