A Review on Geotrichum Lipases: Production, Purification, Immobilization and Applications

Abstract

Lipases are enzymes produced from innumerous microorganisms, plants and animal cells. They catalyze reactions of different lipid sources. The Geotrichum fungi are good producers of lipases with high hydrolytic activity and specificity for unsaturated fatty acids. A great number of studies have reported the importance of lipase from this genus and described important fermentation parameters for the enzyme production, such as nutrients, temperature, pH, inoculum, time of fermentation and others. Furthermore, different strategies have been used to purify and immobilize lipases from Geotrichum and innumerous applications are cited in different processes as polyunsaturated fatty acids enrichment, hydrolysis and esterification of fat and oils, synthesis of aromas, biodiesel, and many others. This review highlights fundamental aspects of the production, purification, characterization, immobilization, and the applications of lipases produced by the genus Geotrichum.

Influence of the addition of Geotrichum candidum on the microbial, chemical, textural, and sensory features of soft soy cheese

“…However, the samples ripened at 15°C or at 10°C for 35 days had the low sensory scores with unacceptable flavor scores and even were not considered suitable for tasting. This might be attributed to the intense proteolytic activity and fat degradation of G. candidum , which resulted in the bitterness, ammoniacal flavors, and unacceptable “toad skin” (Leclercq‐Perlat et al., 2015; Maldonado, 2017). Leclercq‐Perlat et al.…”

Bio-Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution by Galactomyces geotrichum KL20A

“…The Geotrichum spp. is a filamentous fungus (Phylum Ascomycota, Order Saccharomycetales) that has transparent spores by segmentation of vegetative filaments [14]. G. geotrichum is a holomorphic organism, which means that it presents two forms of reproduction (sexual and asexual): the asexual form of multiplication gives rise to the anamorph (Geotrichum candidum) or imperfect state, while the sexual form gives rise to the teleomorph (G. geotrichum) or perfect state.…”

Molecular, physiological, and biochemical characterization of extracellular lipase production by Aspergillus niger using submerged fermentation

“…Peptone was found to be an optimal nitrogen source in the study conducted by Mukhtar, Hanif & Rehman (2015) and Sharma et al (2016) , while sodium nitrate was the least stimulating, which is consistence with our results. This is could be explained by the inhibitory effect when using inorganic nitrogen sources on both growth and lipase activity ( Maldonado et al, 2016 ). Furthermore, ammonium sulphate was the most productive catalyst for lipase production in A. niger ( Sundar & Kumaresapillai, 2013 ).…”