A Review on Graphene-Based Light Emitting Functional Devices

Abstract

In recent years, the field of nanophotonics has progressively developed. However, constant demand for the development of new light source still exists at the nanometric scale. Light emissions from graphene-based active materials can provide a leading platform for the development of two dimensional (2-D), flexible, thin, and robust light-emitting sources. The exceptional structure of Dirac’s electrons in graphene, massless fermions, and the linear dispersion relationship with ultra-wideband plasmon and tunable surface polarities allows numerous applications in optoelectronics and plasmonics. In this article, we present a comprehensive review of recent developments in graphene-based light-emitting devices. Light emissions from graphene-based devices have been evaluated with different aspects, such as thermal emission, electroluminescence, and plasmons assisted emission. Theoretical investigations, along with experimental demonstration in the development of graphene-based light-emitting devices, have also been reviewed and discussed. Moreover, the graphene-based light-emitting devices are also addressed from the perspective of future applications, such as optical modulators, optical interconnects, and optical sensing. Finally, this review provides a comprehensive discussion on current technological issues and challenges related to the potential applications of emerging graphene-based light-emitting devices.

Temperature dependence of electrical conductivity and variable hopping range mechanism on graphene oxide films

“…The changes on the bandgap energy with the temperature are shown in Fig. 5c and the values were calculated by using the relationship between σ and E g given by expression (2). Bandgap energy shows a nonlinear variation from 0.117 eV at 20 K to 0.333 eV at 300 K, which matches the reported range for rGO 65,67,68 .…”

Effect of Nitrogen Doping on the Optical Bandgap and Electrical Conductivity of Nitrogen-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide

“…This is because of the existence of higher oxygen-related groups, which makes the GO an insulating material. The amorphous structure of GO leads to distortions in SP 2 bonding configuration owing to the SP 3 bonding formations, i.e., COOH, C-O-C, and C-OH, which cause the random dispersions [15]. The isolation of the SP 2 hybridized ring from the SP 3 hybridized ring in the GO structure also prompts the insulation behavior.…”

“…The heteroatom atom doping of carbon-based nanomaterial, i.e., graphene, graphene oxide, and carbon nanotube, among others, has gained great attention in material science and research [1]. The unique and stable physicochemical properties of graphene with a low-cost synthesis at a large scale make it the most promising material for future optical and electronic applications [2]. The bandgap tunability of GO in the visible range could allow it to be used in mid-IR photodetectors and ultrafast lasers as a saturable absorber, potentially outperforming graphene [3].…”

Тепловое Излучение Графена

“…Улучшенная теоретическая модель теплового излучения графена должна учитывать электромагнитные волны с s-поляризацией и температурные зависимости характеристик материала. По нашему мнению, имеются перспективы применения широкополосного излучения графеновой пены в оптоэлектронике и плазменной электронике на основе графена, которые сейчас активно развиваются [20].…”