A review on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) based nanocomposites: Synthesis, categories, and their application in photocatalysis

Ismael, Mohammed

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.156446

Cited by 505 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 385 publications

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“…The autoclaves were maintained at 120 • C for 3 h, and then naturally cooled to room temperature. The prepared samples were washed three times using the centrifugation with deionized water and absolute ethanol, as well as dried in an oven at 60 • C to obtain EG/MH and EG/CaCO 3 [34,35]. Thirty mg expanded EG was mixed with 15 mg MH and 45 mg CaCO 3 in the deionized water.…”

Section: Preparation Of Samples Containing Composite Anti-aging Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvements of Developed Graphite Based Composite Anti-Aging Agent on Thermal Aging Properties of Asphalt

Liu

et al. 2020

Materials

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To reduce the thermal-oxidative aging of asphalt and the release amount of harmful volatiles during the construction of asphalt pavement, a new composite anti-aging agent was developed. Since the volatiles were mainly released from saturates and aromatics during the thermal-oxidative aging of asphalt, expanded graphite (EG) was selected as a stabilizing agent to load magnesium hydroxide (MH) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanoparticles for preparing the anti-aging agents of saturates and aromatics, respectively. Thermal stability and volatile constituents released from saturates and aromatics before and after the thermal-oxidative aging were characterized using the isothermal Thermogravimetry/Differential Scanning Calorimetry-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer test (TG/DSC-FTIR test). Test results indicate that anti-aging agents of EG/MH and EG/CaCO3 effectively inhibit the volatilization of light components in asphalt and improve the thermal stability of saturates and aromatics. Then, the proportions of EG, MH, and CaCO3 added in the developed composite anti-aging agent of EG/MH/CaCO3 are 2:1:3 by weight. EG/MH/CaCO3 plays a synergetic effect on inhibiting the thermal-oxidative aging of asphalt, and reduces the release amount of harmful volatiles during the thermal-oxidative aging after EG/MH/CaCO3 is added into asphalt at the proposed content of 10 wt.%. EG plays a synergistic role with MH and CaCO3 nanoparticles to prevent the chain reactions, inhibiting the thermal-oxidative aging of asphalt.

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Section: Preparation Of Samples Containing Composite Anti-aging Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvements of Developed Graphite Based Composite Anti-Aging Agent on Thermal Aging Properties of Asphalt

Liu

et al. 2020

Materials

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“…In the last years, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) has emerged as an interesting photocatalyst due to its effective light harvesting, accompanied by a narrow band gap (i.e., 2.7 eV) and high photocatalytic activity for the degradation of different organic pollutants in aqueous solution [ 8 ]. This polymeric semiconductor presents strong carbon–nitrogen covalent bonds providing a high chemical and thermal stability and high electronic conductivity due to a delocalized conjugated structure [ 9 ]. Nevertheless, its practical application is still limited by the low light absorption coefficient, poor porosity, and low-charge carrier mobility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a widely investigated photocatalyst with comparable properties to TiO 2 , such as non-toxic nature, high activity under UV radiation, low cost [ 21 , 22 ], and rapid recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs [ 23 , 24 ]. Furthermore, ZnO can be hybridized with g-C 3 N 4 resulting in g-C 3 N 4 /ZnO composites with an enhanced visible radiation absorption and charge separation in the electron transfer process [ 8 , 9 , 25 ]. Several methods have been studied to synthetize g-C 3 N 4 /ZnO composites for different photocatalytic applications, namely photoreduction of CO 2 , production of H 2 by water spitting, degradation of organic pollutants, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Pot Thermal Synthesis of g-C3N4/ZnO Composites for the Degradation of 5-Fluoruracil Cytostatic Drug under UV-LED Irradiation

et al. 2022

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Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was used to enhance the photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanoparticles for the degradation of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) cytostatic drug under UV-LED irradiation. CN/ZnO composites were synthetized by an easy one-pot thermal method, varying the g-C3N4 loading, i.e., from 10 to 67 wt% and a post-thermal exfoliation in air. The physicochemical and optical properties of the materials were analyzed by several techniques. CN/ZnO composites showed a coral-like structure of spherical ZnO wurtzite particles on the g-C3N4 structure. In general, the synergism and heterojunction interface between both phases allowed the enhancement of the mesoporosity, light absorption ability, and the aromaticity of the corresponding composites. Moreover, the photocatalytic activity of the CN/ZnO composites was increased with the addition of g-C3N4 in comparison with pristine ZnO. The highest activity was found for the composite containing 25 wt% of g-C3N4 (i.e., CN25/ZnO), reaching the total degradation of 5-FU and a mineralization of 48% at 180 min, as well as a good photostability during four reuse cycles. Experiments with different pH solutions and scavengers allowed for the assessment of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved in the 5-FU degradation pathway, with radicals and non-radical species as the main responsible active species. Furthermore, a tentative photocatalytic mechanism was proposed for CN/ZnO composites.

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“…Merging the sustainability with durability may be the key of transferring the photocatalytic process from the laboratory scale up to large applications. Until now there are many wide gap oxides (TiO 2 [ 4 , 5 ], SnO 2 [ 6 , 7 ], and ZnO [ 8 , 9 ]) and narrow band gap materials (Bi 2 WO 6 [ 10 , 11 ], Ag 3 PO 4 [ 12 , 13 ], BiPO 4 [ 14 , 15 ], g-C 3 N 4 [ 16 , 17 ], WO 3 [ 18 , 19 ], and BiOX [ 20 , 21 ]) studied for the potocatalytic removal of wastewater organic contaminants and indoor pollutants. The mono-components photocatalyst have disadvantages such as narrow visible light absorption [ 22 , 23 ], low specific surface area [ 24 , 25 ], and fast charge carriers recombination [ 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tandem Structures Semiconductors Based on TiO2_SnO2 and ZnO_SnO2 for Photocatalytic Organic Pollutant Removal

Eneşca

Isac

2021

Nanomaterials

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The photocatalyst materials correlation with the radiation scenario and pollutant molecules can have a significant influence on the overall photocatalytic efficiency. This work aims to outline the significance of optimizing the components mass ratio into a tandem structure in order to increase the photocatalytic activity toward pollutant removal. ZnO_SnO2 and TiO2_SnO2 tandem structures were obtained by the doctor blade technique using different mass ratios between the components. The samples contain metal oxides with crystalline structures and the morphology is influenced by the main component. The photocatalytic activity was tested using three radiation scenarios (UV, UV-Vis, and Vis) and two pollutant molecules (tartrazine and acetamiprid). The results indicate that the photocatalytic activity of the tandem structures is influenced by the radiation wavelength and pollutant molecule. The TiO2_SnO2 exhibit 90% photocatalytic efficiency under UV radiation in the presence of tartrazine, while ZnO_SnO2 exhibit 73% photocatalytic efficiency in the same experimental conditions. The kinetic evaluation indicate that ZnO_SnO2 (2:1) have a higher reaction rate comparing with TiO2_SnO2 (1:2) under UV radiation in the presence of acetamiprid.

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A review on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) based nanocomposites: Synthesis, categories, and their application in photocatalysis

Cited by 505 publications

References 385 publications

Improvements of Developed Graphite Based Composite Anti-Aging Agent on Thermal Aging Properties of Asphalt

Improvements of Developed Graphite Based Composite Anti-Aging Agent on Thermal Aging Properties of Asphalt

One-Pot Thermal Synthesis of g-C3N4/ZnO Composites for the Degradation of 5-Fluoruracil Cytostatic Drug under UV-LED Irradiation

Tandem Structures Semiconductors Based on TiO2_SnO2 and ZnO_SnO2 for Photocatalytic Organic Pollutant Removal

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