A review on highly ordered, vertically oriented TiO2 nanotube arrays: Fabrication, material properties, and solar energy applications

Mor, Gopal K.; Varghese, Oomman K.; Paulose, Maggie; Shankar, Karthik; Grimes, Craig A.

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2006.04.007

Cited by 1,919 publications

(1,408 citation statements)

References 181 publications

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“…1] To study the effect of anodizing time on the structure of the nanotubes, three experiments were conducted at 25 V for different times of 0.3, 1 and 10 h. It is found that the length of TiO 2 nanotubes was significantly increased with the increased anodizing time (0.20 μm for 0.3 h, 0.31 μm for 1 h and 2.38 μm for 10 h), respectively. These results indicated that the tube length was significantly affected by anodizing time with a good agreement with the literature [14].…”

Section: Morphology Of Tnt Filmssupporting

confidence: 91%

Effects of structure of anodic TiO2 nanotube arrays on photocatalytic activity for the degradation of 2,3-dichlorophenol in aqueous solution

Liang

2009

Journal of Hazardous Materials

179

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In this study titanium dioxide nanotube (TNT) arrays were prepared by an anodic oxidation process with post-calcination. The morphology and structure of the TNT films were studied by FESEM, XRD, and XPS. Photocatalytic activity of the TNT films was evaluated in terms of the degradation of 2,3-dichlorophenol in aqueous solution under UV light irradiation. The effects of the nanotube structure including tube length and tube wall thickness, and crystallinity on the photocatalytic activity were investigated in details. The results showed that the large specific surface area, high pore volume, thin tube wall, and optimal tube length would be important factors to achieve the good performance of TNT films. Moreover, the TNT films calcined at 500 o C for 1 h with the higher degree of crystallinity exhibited the higher photocatalytic activity than other TNT films calcined at 300 o C and 800 o C. Consequently, these results indicate that the optimization of TiO 2 nanotube structures is critical to achieve the high performance of photocatalytic reaction.

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Section: Morphology Of Tnt Filmssupporting

confidence: 91%

Effects of structure of anodic TiO2 nanotube arrays on photocatalytic activity for the degradation of 2,3-dichlorophenol in aqueous solution

Liang

2009

Journal of Hazardous Materials

179

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“…2 nm thick have been deposited over TiO 2 nanoparticles in DSC. [31][32][33][34][35][36][37] It This type of nanotube, 17,18 when dye-sensitized, produces efficient DSC reaching 6.8%. 19 Images courtesy of C. G. Grimes.…”

Section: Nanoparticles and Nanostructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical electrochemistry of nanostructured devices

Bisquert

2008

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

244

273

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“…43 The nanotubes have the general shape of a common laboratory test tube, with the top of the tube open and the bottom closed. 44,45 To assist polymer infiltration within the tubes, the nanotube array film was wetted with p-xylene, a nonpolar organic solvent. After the excess solvent was removed, nanotube array films were then covered with a P3HT polymer solution (30 mg/mL concentration) prepared in a 3:1 mixture of o-dichlorobenzene (o-DCB) and chlorobenzene (CB).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Visible to Near-Infrared Light Harvesting in TiO₂ Nanotube Array−P3HT Based Heterojunction Solar Cells

et al. 2009

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The development of high-efficiency solid-state excitonic photovoltaic solar cells compatible with solution processing techniques is a research area of intense interest, with the poor optical harvesting in the red and near-IR (NIR) portion of the solar spectrum a significant limitation to device performance. Herein we present a solid-state solar cell design, consisting of TiO 2 nanotube arrays vertically oriented from the FTOcoated glass substrate, sensitized with unsymmetrical squaraine dye (SQ-1) that absorbs in the red and NIR portion of solar spectrum, and which are uniformly infiltrated with p-type regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) that absorbs higher energy photons. Our solidstate solar cells exhibit broad, near-UV to NIR, spectral response with external quantum yields of up to 65%. Under UV filtered AM 1.5G of 90 mW/cm 2 intensity we achieve typical device photoconversion efficiencies of 3.2%, with champion device efficiencies of 3.8%.The best performing bulk heterojunction solar cells (η ∼ 6%) employ an optimized blend of a polymeric donor and a fullerene acceptor. 1,2 The fullerene acceptor absorbs very little light and is primarily used in blends to provide an efficient interface for exciton dissociation. Various efforts toward efficiency improvement in these devices are directed toward the development of low band gap polymers to absorb a broad swathe of the solar spectrum, 3-6 lowering the molecular energy levels of the semiconducting polymer to enhance the open circuit voltage of the organic solar cells, 1,7 and the control of the blended film morphology for enhanced exciton harvesting. [8][9][10][11][12] In the best performing solid-state dyesensitized solar cells (SS-DSSCs), η ∼ 5%, the only photon absorber is a dye, while the electron and hole transport functions are performed, respectively, by a disordered nanoparticulate TiO 2 network and a transparent small molecule spiro-OMeTAD. [13][14][15][16] To achieve higher efficiency devices, research efforts have focused on improved porefilling by the hole transporter, the use of higher mobility hole transporters and the synthesis of dyes with a broader and more-intense absorption spectrum.Red/NIR radiation (650-1000 nm) accounts for approximately 33% of the solar energy arriving at the surface of the Earth, while UV-visible radiation (350-650 nm) accounts for about 40%. Hence a key issue toward achieving higher efficiency organic solar cells is in the development of red and NIR absorbing molecules to utilize more of the solar spectrum. As an approach for efficiently utilizing visible to NIR solar radiation, herein we describe an inorganic-organic hybrid solar cell, see Figure 1a, where electron transporting TiO 2 nanotube arrays, sensitized with red and NIR light absorbing organic dye, are used in combination with hole transporting and visible light absorbing regioregular P3HT. [17][18][19] It should be noted that this low band gap organic dye should not block transmission of the high-energy photons of near-UV-visible range pa...

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A review on highly ordered, vertically oriented TiO2 nanotube arrays: Fabrication, material properties, and solar energy applications

Cited by 1,919 publications

References 181 publications

Effects of structure of anodic TiO2 nanotube arrays on photocatalytic activity for the degradation of 2,3-dichlorophenol in aqueous solution

Effects of structure of anodic TiO2 nanotube arrays on photocatalytic activity for the degradation of 2,3-dichlorophenol in aqueous solution

Physical electrochemistry of nanostructured devices

Visible to Near-Infrared Light Harvesting in TiO₂ Nanotube Array−P3HT Based Heterojunction Solar Cells

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A review on highly ordered, vertically oriented TiO2 nanotube arrays: Fabrication, material properties, and solar energy applications

Cited by 1,919 publications

References 181 publications

Effects of structure of anodic TiO2 nanotube arrays on photocatalytic activity for the degradation of 2,3-dichlorophenol in aqueous solution

Effects of structure of anodic TiO2 nanotube arrays on photocatalytic activity for the degradation of 2,3-dichlorophenol in aqueous solution

Physical electrochemistry of nanostructured devices

Visible to Near-Infrared Light Harvesting in TiO2 Nanotube Array−P3HT Based Heterojunction Solar Cells

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Product

Resources

About

Visible to Near-Infrared Light Harvesting in TiO₂ Nanotube Array−P3HT Based Heterojunction Solar Cells