A Review on Histopathological Alterations Induced by Heavy Metals (Cd, Ni, Cr, Hg) in Different Fish Species

Bibi, Sajida; Naz, Saima; Saeed, Soobia; Chatha, Ahmad Manan Mustafa

doi:10.17582/journal.pujz/2021.36.1.81.89

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Notably, the study revealed notable necrotic and degenerative changes in the intestinal mucosa of Oreochromis niloticus and Lates niloticus. Additionally, it has been suggested in some sources that the consumption of toxic metals may contribute to the development of edema [19]. In a likewise manner, a higher level of Copper (Cu) was reported in the aquatic systems of Pakistan, which can cause bioaccumulation in plants and irrigated vegetables.…”

Section: Coppermentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Impact of Environmental Toxicology of Heavy Metals in Fish: A Study of Rivers of Pakistan

Chatha,

Naz,

Syeda Saira Iqbal

et al. 2023

Sci Inquiry Rev.

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The global concern of heavy metal toxicity has affected all nations, as the discharge of agricultural runoff and untreated industrial waste into water bodies, including rivers, leads to environmental toxicology. This increased level of heavy metals poses risks not only for marine life but also to those who consume them. While fish is an important protein source, consuming contaminated fish containing high levels of heavy metals can have severe adverse effects on human health. Therefore, it is crucial to address these pollution sources effectively in Pakistan, where a significant portion of the population relies on agriculture and fishing for their living. The country's rapid industrialization and urbanization have substantially increased pollutants in its rivers and other water bodies. The current body of research has indicated that the elevated levels of heavy metals in the ecosystem, including the Indus River, pose a significant threat to the local ecosystem and the well-being of marine life. Heavy metal pollution in Pakistani rivers originates from multiple sources, such as industrial effluents, agricultural runoff, and municipal waste. The unregulated discharge of industrial waste into rivers is a major contributor to heavy metal pollution in Pakistani rivers. Moreover, the excessive and uncontrolled use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture equally contributes to the contamination of rivers with heavy metals. The current study is a review article, which provides a comprehensive explanation of how environmental toxicology affects the ecosystem, especially concerning the rivers of Pakistan.

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Section: Coppermentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Impact of Environmental Toxicology of Heavy Metals in Fish: A Study of Rivers of Pakistan

Chatha,

Naz,

Syeda Saira Iqbal

et al. 2023

Sci Inquiry Rev.

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“…The food chain and gills are precisely correlated for the contamination of heavy metals in marine life. These contaminated metals originate from oxidative stress, causing genotoxicity [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metals Cause Toxicity, Histopathological Abnormalities and Oxidative Stress in Major Carps (Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala)

Khan,

Ghaffar,

Jamil

et al. 2024

JZS

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An aquatic ecosystem is significantly contaminated by the unrestricted release of heavy metals from agricultural and industrial waste. Enhancement of industries correlates with improper dumping of waste products, influencing water pollution via releasing elevated concentrations of heavy metals, including nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe). Metals are the primary motive for causing a variety of anomalies in aquatic animals, including fish. Commercially, humans use freshwater fish as food in various regions of Asia. The excessive release of these metals causes toxicity in fish, which is unsafe for human consumption. Heavy metals cause histological alteration and abnormalities in various fish species, including Indian significant carps (Thala, rohu, mori). Additionally, their toxicity causes oxidative stress in aquatic species. Various techniques have recently been applied to reduce toxic contaminants in marine environments. However, the bioremediation process plays a major role in lowering the toxicants through microorganisms, especially various species of bacteria. The objective of the recent study was to specify the specific organs (liver, gills, kidney, brain, muscle, and heart) of fish that are examined for histopathological impacts.

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“…6 Chronic exposure to inorganic Cd causes the metal to build up in many tissues and organs, primarily the liver and kidney, and causes a variety of metabolic and histological diseases. 7 It will have an effect in an increased risk of getting cancer. Despite its industrial importance, recently, it causes cancer in several organs and tissues, the International Agency for Research on Cancer has designated Cd as a Group I human carcinogen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Mechanisms of Cadmium-induced Toxicity in the Male Reproductive System

Antar,

Halouani,

Gad

et al. 2023

Pharm Sci

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Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal that is known to accumulate in various organs and tissues in the body, including the testes. Exposure to Cd has been shown to cause significant testicular damage, including impaired spermatogenesis and decreased fertility in both humans and animals. This damage is thought to be due to Cd-induced oxidative stress and inflammation, which can lead to cellular damage and apoptosis. Cd has also been shown to disrupt the blood-testis barrier, leading to increased permeability and an altered testicular microenvironment. In addition, Cd exposure has been linked to changes in hormone levels, including decreased testosterone production and altered gonadotropin secretion. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an imbalance in the activity of antioxidant enzymes cause oxidative stress. The nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling system, which controls multiple genes involved in inflammatory responses including tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), is activated by oxidative stress. These effects can contribute to decreased sperm count, motility, and viability. Efforts to reduce exposure to Cd may help to prevent or mitigate the harmful effects on testicular function. This can be achieved through occupational and environmental regulations, as well as public education and awareness programs. In this review, we highlight many of the principal mechanisms included in testicular damage. These pathways could be considered promising targets for the development of potential therapies for a variety of important human diseases.

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A Review on Histopathological Alterations Induced by Heavy Metals (Cd, Ni, Cr, Hg) in Different Fish Species

Cited by 7 publications

References 40 publications

Investigating the Impact of Environmental Toxicology of Heavy Metals in Fish: A Study of Rivers of Pakistan

Investigating the Impact of Environmental Toxicology of Heavy Metals in Fish: A Study of Rivers of Pakistan

Heavy Metals Cause Toxicity, Histopathological Abnormalities and Oxidative Stress in Major Carps (Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala)

An Overview of the Mechanisms of Cadmium-induced Toxicity in the Male Reproductive System

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