A Review on hydrogen embrittlement behavior of steel structures and measurement methods

Abstract

Hydrogen can be found within metals under a variety of industrial and environmental conditions. Hydrogen-metal interactions can take place through hydrogen embrittlement, hydrogen sulfide corrosion, or hydrogen absorption. Steel and other metals that are exposed to hydrogen may experience a difficulty known as hydrogen embrittlement that affects their mechanical properties. The material's ductility and toughness may be reduced as a result of this phenomena, it also increasing the risk of brittle fracture. In steel, atomic hydrogen mainly diffuses into the microstructure of the steel, causing hydrogen embrittlement. Localized weakening of the bonds between the metal atoms might result from hydrogen atoms occupying interstitial positions in the metal lattice. Especially when under stress, this may lead to a more susceptible to fracture and cracking. Concerns with hydrogen embrittlement arise in sectors like aerospace and oil and gas that use high-strength steels. If not appropriately handled, it may result in catastrophic failures. Use of hydrogen-resistant alloys, appropriate heat treatments, and protection from conditions that promote hydrogen uptake are examples of preventive measures. This literature review paper covers the definition of hydrogen embrittlement (HE), mechanisms causing HE, measurement of hydrogen concentration and preventive measures that restrict hydrogen diffusion to the steel.