A review on importance of bioactive compounds of medicinal plants in treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (special emphasis on isoquinoline alkaloids)

Abstract

Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal lung disease of unknown cause which disrupts the normal lung architecture and functions by deregulating immune responses and ultimately leads to the death of the individual. A number of factors can lead to its development and currently there is no cure for this disease. Main text There are synthetic drugs available to relieve the symptoms and decelerate its development by targeting pathways involved in the development of IPF, but there had also been various side effects detected by their usage. It is known since decades that medicinal plants and their compounds have been used all over the world in natural medicines to cure various diseases. This review article is focused on the effects of various natural bioactive compounds of 26 plant extracts that show prophylactic and therapeutic properties against the disease and so can be used in treating IPF replacing synthetic drugs and reducing the side effects. Short conclusion This review includes different mechanisms that cause pulmonary fibrosis along with compounds that can induce fibrosis, drugs used for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, diagnosis, the biochemical tests used for the experimental study to determine the pathogenesis of disease with a special note on Isoquinoline alkaloids and their role in reducing various factors leading to IPF thus providing promising therapeutic approach.

Stachys pilifera Benth. Ameliorates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rats through the Antioxidant Pathways

“…Medicinal plants and their bioactive phenolic and flavonoid compounds have gained more attention due to their beneficial properties, such as antioxidant and antiinflammatory potencies [36]. e present study investigated the possible protective effects of SPHE against the harmful effects of BLM on pulmonary tissue.…”

Exophilone, a Tetrahydrocarbazol-1-one Analogue with Anti-Pulmonary Fibrosis Activity from the Deep-Sea Fungus Exophiala oligosperma MCCC 3A01264

“…Current pulmonary fibrosis treatment drugs (e.g., colchicine, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine A, pirfenidone, and nitinol) have therapeutic effects but also significant side effects. Therefore, it is crucial to screen drugs with progressive therapeutic effects to treat pulmonary fibrosis [ 27 ].…”

Dinebra retroflexa Herbal Phytotherapy: A Simulation Study Based on Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis Retraction Potential in Swiss Albino Rats

“…Herbal medicine is a type of traditional medicine that is approved for treatment of several diseases, or at least to improve health and prevent illness. Several articles have focused on the anti-fibrotic effects of different plants [5,6]. Weeds are plants that appear without being sown or cultivated in areas that are otherwise managed or controlled.…”

“…It is well known that the use of herbal treatment can lead to drug dose re-adjustment which can provide acceptable therapeutic effect with minimal noisy side-effects [4]. Several articles have studied the effect of different plants as anti-fibrotic drugs [5,6]. Interestingly, there are not enough studies or research on the expectable pharmacological effect of Dinebra retroflexa (DR) on different pathological conditions, although the family Poaceae is one of the most ecologically, economically, and medicinally important plant families.…”