A review on mathematical modelling of Direct Internal Reforming- Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Advances on methane reforming in solid oxide fuel cells

“…Given the possibility of competing or co-existing multiple reforming reactions at the SOFC anode, studying the mechanism of CH 4 reforming at SOFC operating conditions is a logical first step toward achieving direct CH 4 application. Thus, modelling studies are advantageous for forecasting the operating safety restrictions and designing SOFCs suited for various fuels before actual testing [63][64][65][66]. The equilibrium is valuable for anticipating the safety of cells and stacks and the possibility of fuelling them with practical fuels which contain contaminants such as HCl and H 2 S [67,68].…”

“…These software packages can calculate the material and energy balances, the equipment size, and the cost of several chemical processes, including fermentation, distillation, combustion, gasification, separation, filtration (microfiltration, ultrafiltration, and reverse osmosis), chemical extraction, absorption, adsorption and crystallization. They can also increase productivity and solve chemical process models, modelling, evaluating, and optimizing SOFC systems in a user-friendly environment [63]. These programs have been used for simulations with kinetics implemented in zero-dimensional (0D), one-dimensional (1D), and two-dimensional (2D) models to identify profiles of gas concentration, voltage (V), and feed utilization throughout the SOFC anode [71].…”

“…When fuelling a SOFC with CH 4 , the reforming kinetics will significantly affect gas and temperature distributions. These parameters largely determine the fuel cell system performance and occurrence of carbon deposition and thermal stresses [44,63]. Because different reforming kinetics have been published in the literature and using them in SOFC simulation may produce varied results.…”

Thermo-Electro-Chemo-Mechanical Coupled Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell with LSCF-GDC Composite Cathode

“…However, the commercialization of SOFC still has some challenges to overcome. High-temperature conditions (typical temperature 1073–1273 K) have more stringent requirements on the sealing and insulation of the system, which increases the cost of the system [ 6 , 7 ]. In addition, the electrode materials are prone to react with each other under high-temperature operating conditions, and the thermal stress caused by the temperature difference can also cause damage to the cell structure [ 8 , 9 ].…”

A novel multi-physics coupled heterogeneous single-cell numerical model for solid oxide fuel cell based on 3D microstructure reconstructions

“…12 Numerical studies on SOFCs have shown an increasing trend in the last decades. 13 Homogeneous numerical models based on the continuous electrode theory provided the way to simulate mass and charge transfer in SOFC components. The basic idea is to consider the influences of the heterogeneous microstructures by extracting macro-scale parameters such as volume fraction, tortuosity factor, effective three-phase boundary (TPB) density, and specific interfacial area, in building a homogeneous electrode model.…”