A review on mechanical activation and mechanical alloying in stirred media mill

Mucsi, Gábor

doi:10.1016/j.cherd.2019.06.029

Cited by 94 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…Mechanochemistry surely has the potential to outperform the green synthesis, maybe it also does in the present case, but we do not have the information about AgNO 3 content in the LEV-Ag-GS samples. Moreover, the wet stirred media milling applied in the second stage (after ball milling in a planetary ball mill—an approach that is used when preparing nanoparticles for biomedical applications [ 75 , 76 ]) could lead to a better effect, as was demonstrated for stabilization of Ag NPs in the past [ 31 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanochemistry as an Alternative Method of Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles with Antibacterial Activity: A Comparative Study

et al. 2021

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This study shows mechanochemical synthesis as an alternative method to the traditional green synthesis of silver nanoparticles in a comparative manner by comparing the products obtained using both methodologies and different characterization methods. As a silver precursor, the most commonly used silver nitrate was applied and the easily accessible lavender (Lavandula angustofolia L.) plant was used as a reducing agent. Both syntheses were performed using 7 different lavender:AgNO3 mass ratios. The synthesis time was limited to 8 and 15 min in the case of green and mechanochemical synthesis, respectively, although a significant amount of unreacted silver nitrate was detected in both crude reaction mixtures at low lavender:AgNO3 ratios. This finding is of particular interest mainly for green synthesis, as the potential presence of silver nitrate in the produced nanosuspension is often overlooked. Unreacted AgNO3 has been removed from the mechanochemically synthesized samples by washing. The nanocrystalline character of the products has been confirmed by both X-ray diffraction (Rietveld refinement) and transmission electron microscopy. The latter has shown bimodal size distribution with larger particles in tens of nanometers and the smaller ones below 10 nm in size. In the case of green synthesis, the used lavender:AgNO3 ratio was found to have a decisive role on the crystallite size. Silver chloride has been detected as a side-product, mainly at high lavender:AgNO3 ratios. Both products have shown a strong antibacterial activity, being higher in the case of green synthesis, but this can be ascribed to the presence of unreacted AgNO3. Thus, one-step mechanochemical synthesis (without the need to prepare extract and performing the synthesis as separate steps) can be applied as a sustainable alternative to the traditional green synthesis of Ag nanoparticles using plants.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanochemistry as an Alternative Method of Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles with Antibacterial Activity: A Comparative Study

et al. 2021

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“…An increase of amorphous content is the result of the mechanical activation by grinding, which is related mostly to the hematite content decreasing continuously with grinding time. It is important to note that slight change in amorphous content might be the indicator of surface activation which is one of the states of mechanochemical reactions [80]. Regarding the CO 2 reacted samples the peaks of cancrinite developed an asymmetry (shoulder) indicating a change in cancrinite composition.…”

Section: Structural Characterization Of the Co 2 Sequestrated Materials By X-ray Diffractionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Control of Carbon Dioxide Sequestration by Mechanical Activation of Red Mud

Mucsi

Halyag

Kurusta

et al. 2021

Waste Biomass Valor

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Mineral carbonation is a potentially attractive sequestration technology for the permanent safe disposal and immobilization of CO2. In this technology, CO2 is chemically reacted with calcium, sodium, and magnesium containing materials to form thermodynamically stable and environmentally harmless minerals, usually carbonates. In our research, mechanical activation of red mud was carried out in order to enhance its reactivity by means of mechanochemical reactions (surface activation), and its sequestration behaviour was investigated using carbon dioxide gas at 25 °C temperature and at high pressure (5 bar) in an autoclave. The reacted red mud was characterized by Fourier-transformed infrared spectrometer, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, laser particle size analyzer, BET specific surface area measurement, and pH measurement. It was found that mechanical activation improved the CO2 sequestration ability by 1.7 wt% of red mud, as demonstrated by the above investigations. The pH of red mud slurry can be lowered by reacting it with carbon dioxide. During our measurements, the pH of the suspension decreased from 10 to 6.81. Furthermore, the carbonation process can be successfully used to decrease the amount of harmful PM10 (particles with a diameter of 10 μm or less) and PM2.5 (particles with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less) fraction. The proportion of 10 μm particles can be reduced by 40% and that of 2.5 μm by 20%. Graphic Abstract

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“…In this process, a high-energy stirred ball mill or shaker mill is used to subject blended powders of known particle size to a compressive force to agglomerate the powders. The mechanical alloying process can be grouped into five different stages: the initial stage, a period of welding, an equiaxed particle formation period, the start of random welding orientation, and steady-state processing [ 103 ]. Hence, these periods can be explained in terms of [ 103 ] (a) the distribution of the powder and shape, (b) how hard the material is on the ball surface, (c) the microstructure of the powder and material on the ball surface, and (d) the material division between ball surfaces and free powders.…”

Section: Powder Metallurgymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanical alloying process can be grouped into five different stages: the initial stage, a period of welding, an equiaxed particle formation period, the start of random welding orientation, and steady-state processing [ 103 ]. Hence, these periods can be explained in terms of [ 103 ] (a) the distribution of the powder and shape, (b) how hard the material is on the ball surface, (c) the microstructure of the powder and material on the ball surface, and (d) the material division between ball surfaces and free powders. The formation of composite particles and the refinement of structure occur over time as a result of repeated welding and fracturing of free powder particles.…”

Section: Powder Metallurgymentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis Route, Microstructural Evolution, and Mechanical Property Relationship of High-Entropy Alloys (HEAs): A Review

et al. 2021

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Microstructural phase evolution during melting and casting depends on the rate of cooling, the collective mobility of constituent elements, and binary constituent pairs. Parameters used in mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering, the initial structure of binary alloy pairs, are some of the factors that influence phase evolution in powder-metallurgy-produced HEAs. Factors such as powder flowability, laser power, powder thickness and shape, scan spacing, and volumetric energy density (VED) all play important roles in determining the resulting microstructure in additive manufacturing technology. Large lattice distortion could hinder dislocation motion in HEAs, and this could influence the microstructure, especially at high temperatures, leading to improved mechanical properties in some HEAs. Mechanical properties of some HEAs can be influenced through solid solution hardening, precipitation hardening, grain boundary strengthening, and dislocation hardening. Despite the HEA system showing reliable potential engineering properties if commercialized, there is a need to examine the effects that processing routes have on the microstructure in relation to mechanical properties. This review discusses these effects as well as other factors involved.

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A review on mechanical activation and mechanical alloying in stirred media mill

Cited by 94 publications

References 128 publications

Mechanochemistry as an Alternative Method of Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles with Antibacterial Activity: A Comparative Study

Mechanochemistry as an Alternative Method of Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles with Antibacterial Activity: A Comparative Study

Control of Carbon Dioxide Sequestration by Mechanical Activation of Red Mud

Synthesis Route, Microstructural Evolution, and Mechanical Property Relationship of High-Entropy Alloys (HEAs): A Review

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