A Review on Medicinal Plants Having Anticancer Properties of Northeast India and Associated Endophytic Microbes and their Future in Medicinal Science

Abstract

Human beings are affected by different diseases and suffer to different extents. Cancer is one of the major human disease and millions of people suffered from cancer and end their lives every year. Peoples are dependent on herbal medicines since prehistoric time especially from developing countries. It is very common to have different side effects of modern synthetic medicines; hence now-a-days importance of herbal medicines due to no or least side effects increases all parts of the world. But the major problems of using herbal medicines are that plants can produce very limited amount of medicinally important bioactive metabolites and they have very long growth periods. Therefore endophytes are the excellent alternative of plant derived metabolites. Endophytic microbes can synthesize exactly same type of metabolites as the plant produces. North East India is a treasure of plant resources; various types of medicinal plants are present in this region. Different types of indigenous tribes are inhabited in this region who used different plants in traditional system for treating various disease. But with increasing demand it is sometimes not sufficient to manage the demand of medicines, therefore for massive production endophytic study is crucial. In spite of having huge plant resources very limited endophytic studies are observed in this region. In this review, we studied different plants with their endophytes of NE India showing anticancer properties.

Role of Plant derived-medicine for controlling Cancer

“…The content created for these campaigns must be of high quality to outperform other companies [274][275]. With increased demand for novel therapies and personalized medicine in health care, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing pharmaceutical product development by accelerating drug discovery, streamlining lab operations, and personalizing biomanufacturing [274][275][276]. In silico techniques allowing for the design of biologics with optimized efficacy, toxicity, and drug properties helps to save time and resources and improve the success rates for biopharma [274][275][276].…”

“…In addition, rising research and development efforts for novel cancer medications that are extremely effective and have few adverse effects have been sparked by rising healthcare spending on cancer by the major players. The growth of the oncology drugs market is driven by an increase in the prevalence of cancer disease and the rise in the incidence of various cancer conditions, an increase in the popularity of advanced therapies, and a surge in the geriatric population worldwide [274][275][276].…”

“…Cancer is complex because it is one term that encompasses many different malignant diseases. There is no one cause of cancer, nor is there a single treatment protocol [274][275][276]. The biology of cancer is also very complex, leading to an abundance of treatment approaches.…”

“…With this increase in cancer drug development and availability comes an increase in both cost and revenue from these products. One forecast predicts that the oncology market will generate $2.2 trillion in sales between 2023 and 2029, driven largely by US, highlighting the economic scale and importance of this ever-growing field [274][275][276]. In recent years, we have witnessed a continued increase in the use of immunotherapies, a treatment approach that uses the body's own immune system to fight disease, and this has now become one of the most used anticancer drug categories in a number of cancer types [274][275][276].…”

“…One forecast predicts that the oncology market will generate $2.2 trillion in sales between 2023 and 2029, driven largely by US, highlighting the economic scale and importance of this ever-growing field [274][275][276]. In recent years, we have witnessed a continued increase in the use of immunotherapies, a treatment approach that uses the body's own immune system to fight disease, and this has now become one of the most used anticancer drug categories in a number of cancer types [274][275][276]. A significant proportion of new agents have been approved alongside new companion diagnostics tests, and continued to see an increased implementation of tumor agnostic biomarkers and liquid biopsies [274][275][276].…”