A review on new natural and synthetic anti-leishmanial chemotherapeutic agents and current perspective of treatment approaches.

Majumder, Nilanjana; Banerjee, Saumyabrata; Saha, Samiran

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106846

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Others have also shown promising anti-protozoal activities against leishmaniasis [11,12], CD [13,14], and malaria parasites [15,16]. (ACT) as anti-malaria drug [1]; Benznidazole and Nifurtimox for CD treatment [4]; and pentavalent antimonials, Amphotericin B, Paromomycin, and Miltefosine against leishmaniasis [5]. Unfortunately, these therapies are challenged by variable efficiency, severe side effects, long treatment regimens, as well as the development of resistant parasites to the available drugs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, more than 1 million cases annually of leishmaniasis have been reported, with 1 billion people living in risk areas. The main current therapies include Artemisinin in the form of combination therapy (ACT) as anti-malaria drug [ 1 ]; Benznidazole and Nifurtimox for CD treatment [ 4 ]; and pentavalent antimonials, Amphotericin B, Paromomycin, and Miltefosine against leishmaniasis [ 5 ]. Unfortunately, these therapies are challenged by variable efficiency, severe side effects, long treatment regimens, as well as the development of resistant parasites to the available drugs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel 2,5-Diketopiperazines with In Vitro Activities against Protozoan Parasites of Tropical Diseases

Ceravolo,

Leoni,

Krettli

et al. 2024

Pharmaceuticals

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Malaria, Chagas disease, and leishmaniasis are tropical diseases caused by protozoan parasites of the genera Plasmodium, Trypanosoma and Leishmania, respectively. These diseases constitute a major burden on public health in several regions worldwide, mainly affecting low-income populations in economically poor countries. Severe side effects of currently available drug treatments and the emergence of resistant parasites need to be addressed by the development of novel drug candidates. Natural 2,5-Diketopiperazines (2,5-DKPs) constitute N-heterocyclic secondary metabolites with a wide range of biological activities of medicinal interest. Its structural and physicochemical properties make the 2,5-DKP ring a versatile, peptide-like, and stable pharmacophore attractive for synthetic drug design. In the present work, twenty-three novel synthetic 2,5-DKPs, previously synthesized through the versatile Ugi multicomponent reaction, were assayed for their anti-protozoal activities against P. falciparum, T. cruzi, and L. infantum. Some of the 2,5-DKPs have shown promising activities against the target protozoans, with inhibitory concentrations (IC50) ranging from 5.4 to 9.5 µg/mL. The most active compounds also show low cytotoxicity (CC50), affording selectivity indices ≥ 15. Results allowed for observing a clear relationship between the substitution pattern at the aromatic rings of the 2,5-DKPs and their corresponding anti-Plasmodium activity. Finally, calculated drug-like properties of the compounds revealed points for further structure optimization of promising drug candidates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel 2,5-Diketopiperazines with In Vitro Activities against Protozoan Parasites of Tropical Diseases

Ceravolo,

Leoni,

Krettli

et al. 2024

Pharmaceuticals

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“…Currently, the treatment of leishmaniasis relies on first-line drugs such as sodium stibogluconate (commercially known as pentostam) and meglumine antimoniate (commercially known as glucantime), along with alternative options (second-line drugs) such as pentamidine isothionate (commercially known as pentamidine), amphotericin B (Fungizone or ambisome), miltefosine, and paromomycin sulfate (Aminosidine) [6,7]. However, the use of paromomycin sulfate is not widely practiced in several countries due to health regulations, and it does not exhibit effectiveness when administered orally.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ericaria amentacea Algae Extracts: A Sustainable Approach for the Green Synthesis of Silver Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Effectiveness against Leishmaniasis

Mohamed Abdoul-Latif,

Ainane,

Aboubaker

et al. 2023

Processes

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In this study, anti-leishmanial activities were performed on silver oxide nanoparticles green synthesized from hexane, ethereal, chloroform, and methanolic extracts of the Ericaria amentacea seaweed. The extracts were obtained using a soxhlet extraction system, and the silver oxide nanoparticles were synthesized through a simple and environmentally friendly method. Physicochemical characterizations, including UV spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and zeta potential analysis (ZPA), were conducted to confirm the formation of silver oxide particles. The anti-leishmanial activity was evaluated in vitro using the MTT assay against the Leishmania infantum, Leishmania tropica, and Leishmania major strains. Additionally, a brine shrimp cytotoxicity test was performed on Artemia salina larvae to assess the toxicity of the products. The results showed that the anti-leishmanial activity of the synthesized silver oxide nanoparticles was significant, with inhibitory concentration values ranging from 27.16 μg/mL to 38.18 μg/mL. The lethal doses in the cytotoxicity activities were higher than 17.08 μg/mL, indicating low toxicity. These findings suggest that silver oxide nanoparticles derived from Ericaria amentacea seaweed have potential applications in the treatment of leishmaniasis. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms of action and assess the in vivo efficacy of these nanoparticles. Moreover, comprehensive toxicity studies are necessary before considering their clinical use in leishmaniasis treatment.

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Triethyl phosphine decorated cerium oxide nanoparticles exhibit selective killing of the unicellular protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani

Yadav,

Sharma,

Sengupta

et al. 2023

3 Biotech

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A review on new natural and synthetic anti-leishmanial chemotherapeutic agents and current perspective of treatment approaches.

Cited by 9 publications

References 103 publications

Novel 2,5-Diketopiperazines with In Vitro Activities against Protozoan Parasites of Tropical Diseases

Novel 2,5-Diketopiperazines with In Vitro Activities against Protozoan Parasites of Tropical Diseases

Ericaria amentacea Algae Extracts: A Sustainable Approach for the Green Synthesis of Silver Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Effectiveness against Leishmaniasis

Triethyl phosphine decorated cerium oxide nanoparticles exhibit selective killing of the unicellular protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani

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