A review on optimized FDM 3D printed Wood/PLA bio composite material characteristics

Bhayana, Mohit; Singh, Jasvinder A.; Sharma, Ankit; Gupta, Manish

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2023.03.029

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…3D printing of tensile, flexural, and impact test specimens was performed through fused deposition modeling with the help of the BCN3D Sigma technologies dual extruder 3D printer. The characteristics of a 3D-printed component depend on the proper selection of the print settings, as this influences the component’s surface quality and mechanical properties [ 14 ]. All filaments were extruded through a 0.4 mm extruder (see Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Manufacturing Method (3D Printing and Injection Molding) on Water Absorption and Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polymer Composites Based on Poly(lactic acid)

Mukoroh,

Gouda,

Skrifvars

et al. 2024

Polymers

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The manufacturing method influences the properties of the produced components. This work investigates the influence of manufacturing methods, such as fused deposition modeling (3D printing) and injection molding, on the water absorption and mechanical and thermal properties of the specimens produced from neat bio-based poly(lactic acid) (PLA) polymer and poly(lactic acid)/wood composites. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) acts as the reference material due to its low water absorption and good functional properties. The printing layer thickness is one of the factors that affects the properties of a 3D-printed specimen. The investigation includes two different layer thicknesses (0.2 mm and 0.3 mm) while maintaining uniform overall thickness of the specimens across two manufacturing methods. 3D-printed specimens absorb significantly higher amounts of water than the injection-molded specimens, and the increase in the layer thickness of the 3D-printed specimens contributes to further increased water absorption. However, the swelling due to water absorption in 3D-printed specimens decreases upon increased layer thickness. The tensile, flexural, and impact properties of all of the specimens decrease after water absorption, while the properties improve upon decreasing the layer thickness. Higher porosity upon increasing the layer thickness is the predominant factor. The results from dynamic mechanical analysis and microscopy validate the outcomes. The results from this experimental study highlight the limitations of additive manufacturing.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Manufacturing Method (3D Printing and Injection Molding) on Water Absorption and Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polymer Composites Based on Poly(lactic acid)

Mukoroh,

Gouda,

Skrifvars

et al. 2024

Polymers

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“…Consequently, the current reliability of FDM manufacturing for biocomposites is somewhat constrained, posing a potential impediment to its widespread industrial applications. Addressing these challenges is crucial for unlocking the full potential of FDM in the manufacturing of biocomposites on a global scale [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Attribute Decision Making: Parametric Optimization and Modeling of the FDM Manufacturing Process Using PLA/Wood Biocomposites

Morvayová,

Contuzzi,

Fabbiano

et al. 2024

Materials

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The low carbon footprint, biodegradability, interesting mechanical properties, and relatively low price are considered some of the reasons for the increased interest in polylactic acid-based (PLA-based) filaments supplied with natural fillers. However, it is essential to recognize that incorporating natural fillers into virgin PLA significantly impacts the printability of the resulting blends. The complex inter-relationship between process, structure, and properties in the context of fused deposition modeling (FDM)-manufactured biocomposites is still not fully understood, which thus often results in decreased reliability of this technology in the context of biocomposites, decreased accuracy, and the increased presence of defects in the manufactured biocomposite samples. In light of these considerations, this study aims to identify the optimal processing parameters for the FDM manufacturing process involving wood-filled PLA biocomposites. This study presents an optimization approach consisting of Grey Relational Analysis in conjunction with the Taguchi orthogonal array. The optimization process has identified the combination of a scanning speed of 70 mm/s, a layer height of 0.1 mm, and a printing temperature of 220 °C as the most optimal, resulting in the highly satisfactory combination of good dimensional accuracy (Dx = 20.115 mm, Dy = 20.556 mm, and Dz = 20.220 mm) and low presence of voids (1.673%). The experimentally determined Grey Relational Grade of the specimen manufactured with the optimized set of process parameters (0.782) was in good agreement with the predicted value (0. 754), substantiating the validity of the optimization process. Additionally, the research compared the efficacy of optimization between the integrated multiparametric method and the conventional monoparametric strategy. The multiparametric method, which combines Grey Relational Analysis with the Taguchi orthogonal array, exhibited superior performance. Although the monoparametric optimization strategy yielded specimens with favorable values for the targeted properties, the analysis of the remaining characteristics uncovered unsatisfactory results. This highlights the potential drawbacks of relying on a singular optimization approach.

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“…Another alternative is the use of micro or nanofillers, which lead to enhanced mechanical properties. Nevertheless, the orientation, dispersion, and aspect relation of the fillers become another parameter that influences the mechanical performance of these structures [24]. However, despite the improvements to these fillers, one of the main drawbacks is the production of the filament [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Extruder Type in the Interface of PLA Layers in FDM Printers: Filament Extruder Versus Direct Pellet Extruder

et al. 2023

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FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) is one of the most used and industrially applied additive manufacturing processes due to its fast prototyping and manufacturing, simplicity, and low cost of the equipment. However, the mechanical properties of the printed products have a large dependence on orientation and interface strength between layers which is mainly related to the thermal union obtained. This thermal union has a large dependence on the melting and cooling down process. Additionally, the materials used must be extruded in a continuous filament before their use, which limits the materials used. However, a pellet extruder could be used directly in the printing equipment, avoiding filament extrusion. In this work, specimens of PLA (Poly(lactic acid)) with different bead orientations have been produced via filament or pellet extrusion to compare the effect of the different melting processes in the manufacturing methodology. Pellet extruded specimens showed higher infill and mechanical properties. These results were related to better adhesion between layers due to the longer melting and cooling process. The result was confirmed using DSC and XRD techniques, where a higher crystallinity was observed. A bicomponent specimen (50% pellet–50% filament) was prepared and tested, showing higher mechanical results than expected, which was, again, due to the better thermal union obtained in the pellet extruder.

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A review on optimized FDM 3D printed Wood/PLA bio composite material characteristics

Cited by 15 publications

References 68 publications

Influence of the Manufacturing Method (3D Printing and Injection Molding) on Water Absorption and Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polymer Composites Based on Poly(lactic acid)

Influence of the Manufacturing Method (3D Printing and Injection Molding) on Water Absorption and Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polymer Composites Based on Poly(lactic acid)

Multi-Attribute Decision Making: Parametric Optimization and Modeling of the FDM Manufacturing Process Using PLA/Wood Biocomposites

Effect of Extruder Type in the Interface of PLA Layers in FDM Printers: Filament Extruder Versus Direct Pellet Extruder

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