2022
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27381
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A Review on Osteoarthritis Knee Management via Contrast Bath Therapy and Physical Therapy

Abstract: One of the body's main weight-bearing joints is the knee joint. For this reason, osteoarthritis typically involves it. Osteoarthritis of the knee joint is the condition in which sub-chondral sclerosis of bone occurs, narrowing of joint space is present, and osteophyte formation is seen at the edges of the bone; because of this, there is pain, reduced knee range of motion, and this leads to functional activity limitations. This prevalence is increasing because of a reduced active lifestyle; this is becoming usu… Show more

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Cited by 6 publications
(6 citation statements)
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“…The use of IASTM identifies adhesions, generates an inflammatory process, increases muscular blood supply, reduces tissue viscosity, and promotes collagen tissue repairment ( Dharmendrasinh, 2020 ; Lambert et al, 2017 ). Restoring hamstring flexibility has been shown to reduce pain and stiffness in knee osteoarthritis and improve quality of life, as the hamstring is a major muscle in the knee joint ( Fokmare Jr & Phansopkar, 2022 ; Hafez et al, 2013 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The use of IASTM identifies adhesions, generates an inflammatory process, increases muscular blood supply, reduces tissue viscosity, and promotes collagen tissue repairment ( Dharmendrasinh, 2020 ; Lambert et al, 2017 ). Restoring hamstring flexibility has been shown to reduce pain and stiffness in knee osteoarthritis and improve quality of life, as the hamstring is a major muscle in the knee joint ( Fokmare Jr & Phansopkar, 2022 ; Hafez et al, 2013 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A temperature of between 28°C and 30°C has been recommended for canine hydrotherapy (Prankel 2008, Lindley & Watson 2010. Alternating between warm and cold water, a process known as contrast hydrotherapy, has been investigated in humans finding potential benefits versus either warm or cold water alone (Abd Elfatah et al 2019, Fokmare Jr & Phansopkar 2022, but no studies have been published in dogs.…”
Section: Hydrotherapymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Five grades (0, normal to 4, severe) were used by Kellgren and Lawrence to categorize OA. According to this scale, grade 1 demonstrates that there are no bony growths and normal joint space; grade 2 demonstrates that there may be a slight narrowing of the joint space and the emergence of bony growths; grade 3 demonstrates that there is a narrowing of the joint space and mild bony growth formation; and grade 4 demonstrates that there is moderate bony growth formation, a narrowing of the joint space, and sclerosis of the subchondral bone [ 13 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%