A review on polysaccharides from Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds, their extraction, modification, structure, and applications

Kakar, Mohib Ullah; Kakar, Ihsan Ullah; Mehboob, Muhammad Zubair; Zada, Shah; Soomro, Hidyatullah; Umair, Muhammad; Ma, Jinwen; Umer, Muhammad; Shaheen, Shabnam; Syed, Shahid Faraz; Deng, Yulin; Dai, Ruitong

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117113

Cited by 54 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…The polysaccharides of A. sphaerocephala seeds account for 39.8% of the dry seed weight [26], which have important physiological and ecological value [27]. It also has antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-obesogenic, antitumor, and immunomodulatory activities, and can also be used as a food additive to improve food quality [28]. The accumulation patterns and molecular regulatory mechanisms of polysaccharides during seed development of A. sphaerocephala have been initially uncovered [26,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Key Genes Involved in Oil and Linoleic Acid Biosynthesis during Artemisia sphaerocephala Seed Development

Nan

Zhang

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Artemisia sphaerocephala seeds are rich in polysaccharides and linoleic acid (C18:2), which have been widely used as traditional medicine and to improve food quality. The accumulation patterns and molecular regulatory mechanisms of polysaccharides during A. sphaerocephala seed development have been studied. However, the related research on seed oil and C18:2 remain unclear. For this study, A. sphaerocephala seeds at seven different development stages at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 days after flowering (designated as S1~S7), respectively, were employed as experimental samples, the accumulation patterns of oil and fatty acids (FA) and the underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms were analyzed. The results revealed that oil content increased from 10.1% to 20.0% in the early stages of seed development (S1~S2), and up to 32.0% in mature seeds, of which C18:2 accounted for 80.6% of the total FA. FA and triacylglycerol biosynthesis-related genes jointly involved in the rapid accumulation of oil in S1~S2. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis showed that transcription factors FUS3 and bHLH played a critical role in the seed oil biosynthesis. The perfect harmonization of the high expression of FAD2 with the extremely low expression of FAD3 regulated the accumulation of C18:2. This study uncovered the gene involved in oil biosynthesis and molecular regulatory mechanisms of high C18:2 accumulation in A. sphaerocephala seeds; thus, advancing research into unsaturated fatty acid metabolism in plants while generating valuable genetic resources for optimal C18:2 breeding.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Key Genes Involved in Oil and Linoleic Acid Biosynthesis during Artemisia sphaerocephala Seed Development

Nan

Zhang

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…In a study of exopolysaccharide Mw values, ≤ 70 × 10 3 g/mol exhibited the most potent macrophage stimulation, in which the plausible optimum Mw was also suggested for the macrophage activation [56]. In addition, low molecular weights exhibiting rigid conformations and high molecular weights exhibiting compact conformations might be the reason why the low molecular weight affected this research [57]. It was reported by Liu et al [43] that the polysaccharide extracted from Enteromorpha prolifera with the Mw of 33.3 × 10 3 g/mol exhibited significant improvement of the immune system and cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in mouse models.…”

Section: Effects Of Mpf2 Derivatives On Raw2647 Cell Activationmentioning

confidence: 79%

Sulphation and Hydrolysis Improvements of Bioactivities, and Immuno-Modulatory Properties of Edible Amanita hemibapha Subspecies javanica (Corner and Bas) Mucilage Polysaccharide as a Potential in Personalized Functional Foods

Surayot

Wangtueai

You

et al. 2021

JoF

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In this study, the mucilage polysaccharide (MP) from Amanita hemibapha subspecies javanica was prepared by hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation and then fractionated using anion-exchange chromatography equipped with a DEAE Sepharose fast flow column. The most immune-enhancing polysaccharide fraction 2 (MPF2) was subjected to a structural modification such as hydrolysis or over-sulphation. The sulphate and molecular weight (Mw) of over-sulphated (OS1-3) and hydrolysed (HS1-3) derivatives of MPF2 differed between 9.85% and 14.2% and 32.8 and 88.1 × 103 g/mol, respectively. Further, the immune-enhancing properties of MPF2 and its derivatives were tested on RAW264.7 and NK cells through various in vitro assays. Interestingly, a low molecular weight of HS1-3 significantly increased the nitric oxide (NO) production (p < 0.05) more than MPF2, indicating that Mw is a major factor in RAW264.7 cell stimulation. In addition, RAW264.7 cells produced various cytokines by up-regulating mRNA expression levels and the activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. On the other hand, OS1-3-treated natural killer (NK) cells induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells through the expression of IFN-γ, Grandzyme-B, perforin, NKp30, and FasL. These results demonstrated that sulphate derivatives play an important role in NK cell activation. Further, this study also explores how polysaccharide binds to RAW264.7 and NK cells. MPF2 and HS3 may activate RAW264.7 cells via binding to TLR4 receptors, and OS2 could be activated through the CR3 signalling pathways.

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“…(BeMiller, 2019). Besides, due to extremely low cytotoxicity, polysaccharides have been broadly applied in the fields of medicine, food, cosmetics, and environmental management (Kakar et al., 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has not only good edible value but also specific medicinal function. It is recorded in traditional Chinese medicine due to extremely low cytotoxicity, polysaccharides have been broadly applied in the fields of medicine, food, cosmetics, and environmental management (Kakar et al, 2021). Since biological activities of polysaccharides mainly determined by the chemical structures, the chemical structures, in turn, affects their biological activities (BeMiller, 2019), various chemical modifications methods (such as sulfation, carboxymethylation, phosphorylation, and acetylation modifications) have been developed to enhance polysaccharides' structural characteristics, promote biological activity, and even possess new biological activities (Li et al, 2018b(Li et al, , 2018cCao et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of different chemical modifications on the structure and biological activities of polysaccharides from Orchis chusua D. Don

Nuerxiati

Mutailipu

Abuduwaili

et al. 2021

Journal of Food Science

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In this study, an enzyme‐assisted extraction method was used to extract Orchis chusua D. Don (Salep) polysaccharide (SP), which was then modified by sulfation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and carboxymethylation to obtain modified polysaccharides. Furthermore, their degree of substitution, chemical composition, and molecular weight were evaluated. The primary structural features were characterized by UV spectra, FT‐IR spectra, Congo‐red test, and scanning electron microscope. The phosphorylated polysaccharide (SP‐P) was demonstrated the highest scavenging ability on hydroxyl radical and growth‐promoting activity on Lactobacillus Bulgaricus. The carboxymethylated polysaccharide (SP‐C) was exhibited the strongest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging effects. The acetylated polysaccharide (SP‐A) displayed the best proliferation effects on Bifidobacterium adolescentis, whereas the sulfated polysaccharide (SP‐S) maintained moderately stable antioxidant and probiotic ability. These findings indicate that the modified polysaccharides had their potential significance as new antioxidants and probiotics for the food industry. Practical Application This article provides a new source for the development of polysaccharide derivatives as new antioxidants and probiotics for the food industry.

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A review on polysaccharides from Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds, their extraction, modification, structure, and applications

Cited by 54 publications

References 82 publications

Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Key Genes Involved in Oil and Linoleic Acid Biosynthesis during Artemisia sphaerocephala Seed Development

Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Key Genes Involved in Oil and Linoleic Acid Biosynthesis during Artemisia sphaerocephala Seed Development

Sulphation and Hydrolysis Improvements of Bioactivities, and Immuno-Modulatory Properties of Edible Amanita hemibapha Subspecies javanica (Corner and Bas) Mucilage Polysaccharide as a Potential in Personalized Functional Foods

Effects of different chemical modifications on the structure and biological activities of polysaccharides from Orchis chusua D. Don

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