A Review on Pool and Flow Boiling Enhancement Using Nanofluids: Nuclear Reactor Application

Abstract

Plasma-facing components (PFCs) are used as the barrier to the beam of high heat flux generated due to nuclear fusion. Therefore, efficient cooling of PFCs is required for safety and smooth operation of a fusion reactor. The Hyper Vapotron (HV) is generally used as the heat exchanger to cool down the PFCs during operation. These heat exchangers use pool and flow boiling mechanisms, and hence, their ability is inherently constrained by critical heat flux (CHF). The boiling of nanofluid is very promising as the working fluid in the HV. The efficiency of the HV increases due to the increase in CHF by applying nanofluids. However, the feasibility of nanofluid cooling in fusion reactors needs proper understanding. This paper reviews the recent developments in the utilization of boiling phenomena in nanofluid as a coolant in the HV. Experiments, theoretical studies, significant achievements, and challenges are analyzed and discussed. Finally, important points are indicated for future research.

Application of laser treatment technology for boiling heat transfer augmentation

“…The development of efficient heat exchangers made with the laser beam can provide significant advantages such as dissipation of higher heat fluxes and more stable operation in the pool boiling mode. Thus, they could be effectively used as part of many engineering devices including small scale domestic systems (Wojtkowiak et al, 2020;Dudkiewicz and Szałański, 2019) or large power plants (Mukherjee et al, 2022).…”

Flow Boiling Heat Transfer; Experimental Study of Hydrocarbon Based Nanorefrigerant in a Vertical Tube

“…Nanofluids flow boiling behavior was first described in 2010 by Liu et al [15] presented both flow boiling enhancement and deterioration of Al2O3/H2O nanofluid. Since then, research on nanofluid flow boiling has been successively published, testing different nanofluids compositions and flow boiling devices with different configurations as reported in the lasted reviews published by M. Saad Kamel (2019) [16] and S. Mukherjee (2022) [17]. The finding of boiling heat transfer enhancement or deterioration has created a controversy that is attracting increasing attention.…”

Numerical Study of Lid-Driven Hybrid Nanofluid Flow in a Corrugated Porous Cavity in the Presence of Magnetic Field

“…The blend which results from this mixing is termed the nano-liquid or nanofluid. This technology of smart liquids was effectively exploited in numerous actual applications such as in renewable energy equipment, air-conditioning, transportation, lubricating oils, micro-manufacturing, and automobile cooling systems [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Currently, the expansion of intensification techniques for energy transmission in various appliances represents an intriguing task in several industrial disciplines.…”