A Review on Preparation of Superhydrophobic and Superoleophobic Surface by Laser Micromachining and Its Hybrid Methods

Abstract

Functional wetting surfaces have excellent prospects in applications including self-cleaning, anti-fog, anti-icing, corrosion resistance, droplet control, and friction power generation. Laser micromachining technology is an advanced method for preparing such functional surfaces with high efficiency and quality. To fully exploit the potential of laser micromachining and the related hybrid methods, a wide spectrum of knowledge is needed. The present review systematically discusses the process capabilities and research developments of laser micromachining and its hybrid methods considering the research both in basic and practical fields. This paper outlines the relevant literature, summarizes the characteristics of functional wetting surfaces and also the basic scientific requirements for laser micromachining technology. Finally, the challenges and potential applications of superhydrophobic and superoleophobic surface are briefly discussed. This review fills the gap in the research literature by presenting an extended literature source with a wide coverage of recent developments.

Nature-Inspired Superhydrophobic Coating Materials: Drawing Inspiration from Nature for Enhanced Functionality

“…Superhydrophobicity is not exclusive to lotus leaves but can be observed across various plants, insects, and birds, showcasing a diverse range of natural adaptations. Examples include rice ( Oryza sativa ) and taro ( Colocasia esculenta ) leaves, mosquito eyes, butterfly wings, desert beetles, gecko’s feet, water strider legs, and shark skins [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ], as depicted in Table 1 . Guo et al [ 23 ] discovered that rice leaves possess remarkable superhydrophobicity, preventing water droplets from wetting their surface, as shown in Figure 4 c. Their surface exhibits a binary microstructure and nanostructure similar to lotus leaves, featuring papillae with an average diameter of 5–8 mm in a one-dimensional order.…”

“… Diagram illustrating organisms with their SEM images: ( a , b ) lotus leaf; ( c , d ) rice leaf; ( e , f ) rose petal; ( g , h ) water strider; ( i , j ) butterfly wing; and a ( k , l ) mosquito compound eye [ 22 ]. …”

“…This phenomenon is widely recognized as the "lotus effect", as shown in Figure 4a Superhydrophobicity is not exclusive to lotus leaves but can be observed across various plants, insects, and birds, showcasing a diverse range of natural adaptations. Examples include rice (Oryza sativa) and taro (Colocasia esculenta) leaves, mosquito eyes, butterfly wings, desert beetles, gecko's feet, water strider legs, and shark skins [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28], as depicted in Table 1. Guo et al [23] discovered that rice leaves possess remarkable superhydrophobicity, preventing water droplets from wetting their surface, as shown in Figure 4c.…”

“…This surface achieves superhydrophobicity with a WCA of 157.28°, facilitating the effortless rolling off of water droplets. (e,f) rose petal; (g,h) water strider; (i,j) butterfly wing; and a (k,l) mosquito compound eye [22].…”

Characterization of Reactive Sputtered Chromium Oxynitride Coatings Developed on Glass Substrate

“…Since the invention of the so-called "lotus effect" a decade ago, there has been a surge of interest in both theoretical and practical uses of water-repellent surfaces that defy conventional explanations. Its self-cleaning properties make water-repellent surfaces useful in many contexts, including avoiding the adherence and contamination of water, snow, or dust to windows and antennas, lowering drag friction, making fabrics and utensils stain resistant, and so on [16][17][18][19][20]. When designing water-repellent surfaces, the contact angle and surface energy play a crucial role.…”