A Review on Recent Advancements in the Hemodynamics of Nano-Drug Delivery Systems

Abstract

Social cues, such as eye gaze and pointing fingers, can increase the prioritisation of specific locations for cognitive processing. A previous study using a manual reaching task showed that, although both gaze and pointing cues altered target prioritisation (reaction times [RTs]), only pointing cues affected action execution (trajectory deviations). These differential effects of gaze and pointing cues on action execution could be because the gaze cue was conveyed through a disembodied head; hence, the model lacked the potential for a body part (i.e., hands) to interact with the target. In the present study, the image of a male gaze model, whose gaze direction coincided with two potential target locations, was centrally presented. The model either had his arms and hands extended underneath the potential target locations, indicating the potential to act on the targets (Experiment 1), or had his arms crossed in front of his chest, indicating the absence of potential to act (Experiment 2). Participants reached to a target that followed a nonpredictive gaze cue at one of three stimulus onset asynchronies. RTs and reach trajectories of the movements to cued and uncued targets were analysed. RTs showed a facilitation effect for both experiments, whereas trajectory analysis revealed facilitatory and inhibitory effects, but only in Experiment 1 when the model could potentially act on the targets. The results of this study suggested that when the gaze model had the potential to interact with the cued target location, the model's gaze affected not only target prioritisation but also movement execution.

WITHDRAWN: Nanoparticle Drug Eluting Stents for Treatment of Coronary Re-stenosis in unsteady non- Newtonian magneto-hemodynamics: Computational fluid dynamic simulation

“…To prevent the disease, nano-biomedicine has emerged as a significant approach in pharmacological drug formulation since it provides a more refined and targeted technique for drug release with very high specificity. A number of detailed reviews have been communicated for various nano-drug delivery systems in the human arterial system and their relative performance in a range of diseased artery scenarios [2][3]. In addition to clinical testing, mathematical models have also received considerable attention in nano-hemodynamics.…”

Computational simulations of hybrid mediated nano- hemodynamics (Ag-Au/Blood) through an irregular symmetric stenosis

“…Tripathi and Bég [11] reported one of the earliest theoretical studies of nanofluids for biomedical applications. Likewise, Tripathi et al [12] conducted a review of recent advancements in hemodynamic aspects of nano-drug delivery systems. Vasu et al [13] later developed a robust finite element model for non-Newtonian blood flow conveying nanoparticles in a stenosed coronary artery using FREEFEM++ software and the Buongiorno two-component nanoscale model.…”

Numerical simulation of the transport of nanoparticles as drug carriers in hydromagnetic blood flow through a diseased artery with vessel wall permeability and rheological effects

“…Among numerous nanotechnology applications, drug carriers allow researchers to make an effort at a molecular level to bring significant improvement in healthcare. Tripathi et al [16] presented a detailed review of the recent blood flow advancements for nano-drug delivery systems. Vasu et al [17] conducted a detailed finite element analysis of non-Newtonian blood flow in a stenosed coronary artery using FREEFEM++ software.…”