A review on recent effort of conductive EMI suppression methods in high‐frequency power converters

Abstract

High‐frequency power converters with high switching frequency and compact layout are characterised by high power density and high efficiency, which is superior to conventional converters in many aspects. However, the management of electromagnetic interference (EMI) is a significant limitation for their widespread application. Recent conductive EMI suppression methods are reviewed in this paper. The mechanisms and characteristics of the reviewed methods are discussed in detail. Then, the EMI attenuation of the mentioned methods is compared from the perspective of attenuation band, attenuation amplitude, and cost respectively. It is demonstrated that both the source and the propagation path have a significant impact on EMI problems in performance of high‐frequency power converters. Several suggestions can be proposed based on the reviewed researches. Firstly, both the potential matching method and the balance winding method in transformer design can achieve a significant EMI reduction at all frequencies within the frequency range of conducted EMI. Secondly, spread‐spectrum modulation techniques are suggested to be applied in MHz converters instead of constant frequency control. Thirdly, the reviewed gate driver optimisation methods have a remarkable EMI suppression effect at high frequencies and still work for the suppression of radiated EMI. Finally, filters can have a reduced volume if the reviewed methods are applied.

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“…EMI can arise from many sources, being either man made or natural, and can affect various electrical or electromagnetic circuits, often causing electrically powered devices not operating properly or leading to their malfunction. [1][2][3][4] Negative effect of EMI on human health beings has also been proved and described in experimental studies. The most influential process of EMI impact on living organisms is its direct tissue penetration.…”

“…It has become a serious and increasing form of environmental pollution. EMI can arise from many sources, being either man made or natural, and can affect various electrical or electromagnetic circuits, often causing electrically powered devices not operating properly or leading to their malfunction 1–4 . Negative effect of EMI on human health beings has also been proved and described in experimental studies.…”

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“…To make things worse, radiated emissions can only be tested formally after the design is essentially complete. People often use filters to attenuate a specific frequency or a certain frequency range of signal strength, in this way to reduce EMI [51]. In addition, the energy of radiation, which goes through the space propagation, can be attenuated by adding metal and magnetic shielding.…”

Current Sensor Integration Issues with Wide-Bandgap Power Converters

“…To mitigate these issues, proper design of sensing circuitry and optimal layout of the converter can reduce the problems associated with high di/dt, which is also emphasized in Figure 14 Except for the ways to conduct EMI that can be easily eliminated by isolated sensing circuits, it can be coupled near the field or radiated, in which EMI noise can be coupled or induced by parasitic inductances and capacitances within the sensing circuit [59]. The amount of coupled noise currents can be reduced by minimizing stray capacitance (by shrinking the conductor connections and increasing their distance from each conductor), and to minimize the induced EMI noise voltage, the parasitic inductance of these sensing circuits must be reduced [60][61][62][63][64].…”