“…The ORR process on the cathode consists of several essential steps, as shown in Figure : (1) O 2 adsorbed and dissociated to O atoms on the surface of the cathode; (2) O atoms gained electrons and became O 2– ; (3) O 2– diffused across the cathode/electrolyte interface and entered into the electrolyte . Cathode materials include perovskite-type La 1– x Sr x MnO 3−δ (LSM), , La 1– x Sr x Co 1– y Fe y O 3−δ (LSCF), , Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 Co 0.8 Fe 0.2 O 3−δ (BSCF), , SrTiO 3 , Sm 0.5 Sr 0.5 CoO 3−δ (SSC), , and layered double perovskites PrBaCo 2 O 5+δ (PBC), NdBaCo 2 O 5+δ (NBC), GdBaCo 2 O 5+δ (GBC), − LaBa 0.5 Sr 0.25 Ca 0.25 Co 2 O 5+δ (LBSCC), NdBa 0.5 Sr 0.25 Ca 0.25 Co 2 O 5+δ (NBSCC), PrBa 0.5– x Sr 0.5 Co 2 O 5+δ (PBSC), Sr 2 Fe 1.5– x Ni x Mo 0.5 O 6‑δ (SFNM), , Sr 2 Fe 1.3 Ga 0.2 Mo 0.5 O 6−δ (SFGM), and PrBaFe 1.9 Zn 0.1 O 5+δ (PBFZ), and Ruddlesden–Popper oxides La 2– x Sr x NiO 4+δ (LSN), La 2 NiO 4+δ (LNO), , and La 2– x Bi x NiO 4+δ (LBN) …”