A review on recycling and reuse methods for carbon fiber/glass fiber composites waste from wind turbine blades

Rani, Manjeet; Choudhary, Priyanka; Krishnan, Venkata; Zafar, Sunny

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.108768

Cited by 251 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…To test the mechanical properties, a density test was carried out. Finally, the result of the density test is presented in Figure 10, where, the 1.5% fiber volume fraction has the highest density of 0.95 g/cm 3 while the lowest density is found in the 7.5% fiber volume fraction of 0.9 g/m 3 . It shows that the addition of cotton fiber can lighten the composite material.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tensile Strength and Density Evaluation of Composites from Waste Cotton Fabrics and High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE): Contributions to the Composite Industry and a Cleaner Environment

Respati

Purwanto

Fakhrudin

et al. 2021

Mech. Eng. for Soc. and Ind.

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The growth of the textile industry and the massive use of plastic-based materials create economic growth, but it produces waste from post-use, such as clothing waste from cotton fabrics and HDPE that can be recycled and combined as composite materials. Therefore, an experiment was carried out to investigate and analyze the effect of the fiber volume fraction of waste cotton fabric (1.5%, 3.5%, 4.5%, 6%, and 7.5%) with straight fiber arrangement on the tensile strength and density. From the test results, a tensile strength of 178.4 MPa and 182.6 MPa was obtained for yield and max stress, respectively at a fiber volume fraction of 7.5%. Meanwhile, the highest density of 0.95 g/cm3 was obtained at 1.5% fiber volume fraction. The fracture macroscopic view of the specimen shows a resilience fracture (uneven and appears stringy). Although the strength of this composite cannot yet compete with the new composite material, it has a decent environmental contribution. Considering the availability of waste cotton fabrics and HDPE, it promises to be produced as a low-strength composite for construction, ornamentation, or coatings.

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Section: Mechanical Properties Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It shows that the addition of cotton fiber can lighten the composite material. For comparison, the density of HDPE is 0.965 g/cm 3 [27] and the density of cotton is 0.561 g/cm 3 [28]. Therefore, the addition of cotton fibers makes composites more competitive in terms of density.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tensile Strength and Density Evaluation of Composites from Waste Cotton Fabrics and High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE): Contributions to the Composite Industry and a Cleaner Environment

Respati

Purwanto

Fakhrudin

et al. 2021

Mech. Eng. for Soc. and Ind.

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“…Currently, the heterogeneous nature of FRP composite materials does not allow for a suitable recovery of produced waste [9], as the existing recycling technologies are unable to obtain a material of equivalent quality to the original [10]. Therefore, in the best-case scenario (i.e., when recycled), fibers are employed for the production of second-quality products suitable for specific niche applications, instead of structural ones [6,11]. In the worst-case scenario, it is necessary to dispose of the produced waste in landfills [9], causing both huge environmental problems and economic losses for companies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of Waste Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Composites: A Patent-Based Analysis

et al. 2021

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Fiber-reinforced plastic composite materials are increasingly used in many industrial applications, leading to an increase in the amount of waste that must be treated to avoid environmental problems. Currently, the scientific literature classifies existing recycling technologies into three macro-categories: mechanical, thermal, and chemical; however, none are identified as superior to the others. Therefore, scholars and companies struggle to understand where to focus their efforts. Patent analysis, by relying on quantitative data as a precursor to new technological developments, can contribute to fully grasping current applications of each recycling technology and provide insights about their future development perspectives. Based on these premises, this paper performs a patent technology roadmap to enhance knowledge about prior, current, and future use of the main recycling technologies. The results show that recycling macro-categories have different technology maturity levels and growth potentials. Specifically, mechanical recycling is the most mature, with the lowest growth potential, while thermal and chemical recycling are in their growth stage and present remarkable future opportunities. Moreover, the analysis depicts several perspectives for future development on recycling technologies applications within different industries and underline inter- and intra-category dependencies, thus providing valuable information for practitioners and both academic and non-academic backgrounds researchers interested in the topic.

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“…[3,4] As a consequence, the accumulation and inadequate disposal of CFs generate environmental impacts. [5,6] To minimize environmental problems and to revalue a residue with a wide technological potential, the practice of recycling CFs is being investigated, [7][8][9] in view of the most diverse applications. Recycling CF is extremely important, since it has a high durability and consumption is growing every year, generating a large amount of postindustrial and post-consumption waste.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reuse of carbon fiber waste to produce composites with polypropylene. The effect of styrene‐(ethylene‐butylene)‐styrene grafted with maleic anhydride and ethylene‐propylene‐diene grafted with maleic anhydride copolymers

et al. 2021

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Carbon fiber (CF) is a difficult material to recycle, generating accumulation and environmental impacts when disposed of incorrectly. The practice of reuse is being encouraged, aiming to minimize socio-environmental impacts. The present research aimed to develop polypropylene (PP) composites with CF waste, using styrene-(ethylene-butylene)-styrene grafted with maleic anhydride (SEBS-MA) and ethylene-propylene-diene grafted with maleic anhydride (EPDM-MA), as compatibilizers. The composites were processed in a mixer and injection molded. The addition of the CF in the PP matrix did not hinder processability, as verified in torque rheometry. Significant increases were achieved in impact strength and elongation at break, especially in the PP/FC/ SEBS-MA and PP/FC/EPDM-MA composites. Incorporating 15% EPDM-MA reduced the elastic modulus and tensile strength by 23% and 32%, while SEBS-MA by 13% and 23%, relative to PP, respectively, due to the increase in flexibility of the composites. When the PP/FC composites were compatibilized with SEBS-MA and EPDM-MA, there was a higher level of interaction among the phases, generating a higher wettability, as verified in the scanning electron microscopy. Such behavior was important to increase the crystallinity of the compatibilized composites. The composites thermal stability increased significantly, increasing in 40 C, compared to pure PP. In general, the compatibilization with SEBS-MA was more effective, generating better properties.As a consequence, the heat deflection temperature of the composites remained the same as the level of pure PP, suggesting good structural stability. The results are valuable for the recycling area, since CF can be reused as a polymer additive to improve properties.

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A review on recycling and reuse methods for carbon fiber/glass fiber composites waste from wind turbine blades

Cited by 251 publications

References 119 publications

Tensile Strength and Density Evaluation of Composites from Waste Cotton Fabrics and High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE): Contributions to the Composite Industry and a Cleaner Environment

Tensile Strength and Density Evaluation of Composites from Waste Cotton Fabrics and High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE): Contributions to the Composite Industry and a Cleaner Environment

Recycling of Waste Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Composites: A Patent-Based Analysis

Reuse of carbon fiber waste to produce composites with polypropylene. The effect of styrene‐(ethylene‐butylene)‐styrene grafted with maleic anhydride and ethylene‐propylene‐diene grafted with maleic anhydride copolymers

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