A review on removal of pharmaceuticals from water by adsorption

Abstract

A B S T R A C TPharmaceuticals and personal care products are recognized as emerging pollutants in water resources. Various treatment options have been investigated for the removal of pharmaceuticals that include both conventional (e.g., biodegradation, adsorption, activated sludge) and advanced (e.g., membrane, microfiltration, ozonation) processes. This article reviews literature for adsorptive removal of pharmaceuticals from water sources. Adsorbents from various origins were reviewed for their capacity to remove pharmaceuticals from water. These adsorbents include carbonaceous materials, clay minerals, siliceous adsorbents, and polymeric materials. The adsorption capacity of adsorbents to adsorb pharmaceuticals from water is discussed in this study. The review discusses the mechanism for adsorption of pharmaceuticals onto adsorbents as well. Finally, effectiveness of processing parameters during adsorption processes is presented.

Acetaminophen adsorption using a low‐cost adsorbent prepared from modified residues of Moringa oleifera Lam. seed husks

“…The oxygen of the APAP carbonyl has free electron pairs and has the tendency to act as an acceptor of hydrogen bonds. The hydroxyl present on the surface of mod‐MO has a tendency to act as a donor …”

“…The hydroxyl present on the surface of mod-MO has a tendency to act as a donor. 71 The peak at 1710 cm −1 , referred to the C O bond, shifted slightly and its intensity decreased after adsorption. This also suggests the formation of hydrogen bonds.…”

Ordered Mesoporous Carbons for Adsorption of Paracetamol and Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Ibuprofen and Naproxen from Aqueous Solutions

“…Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) represent one of the most widely used pharmaceutical products available without prescription. The production and consumption of NSAIDs have increased in recent years, introducing quantities amount of these substances into the environment in an unutilized or metabolized form [1]. The most prominent members of this group of drugs, i.e., ketoprofen, diclofenac, naproxen, ibuprofen and salicylic acid, show analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects on humans [2,3].…”

Waste-based alternative adsorbents for the remediation of pharmaceutical contaminated waters: Has a step forward already been taken?

“…The efficiency of STPs in the elimination of these compounds is 45 different for each pharmaceutical and greatly dependent on the type of treatment and 46 operational conditions applied in these facilities, with removal rates varying from <10% 47 to >90% (Kasprzyk-Hordern et al, 2009; Tran and Gin, 2017; Zhang et al, 2008). Due 48 to the continuous input of pharmaceuticals into the aquatic environment together with 49 their usual persistence, these compounds pose a long-term risk to the aquatic organisms 50 (Akhtar et al, 2016;Silva et al, 2012). In order to avoid potential risks, the removal of 51 pharmaceuticals at STPs before final release into receiving waters is utterly imperative.…”