A Review on Research Progress in the Application of Glycosylated Hemoglobin and Glycated Albumin in the Screening and Monitoring of Gestational Diabetes

Li, Xinyan; Wu, Na; Al-Mureish, Abdulrahman

doi:10.2147/ijgm.s296316

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a typical glycosylated protein and is widely used in the assessment of glycemic control [9]. It is produced through the interaction of hemoglobin and blood glucose and can be used to reflect the average blood glucose level over 2-3 months [10]. Several studies in Asia have demonstrated that HbA1c was positively associated with NAFLD status among participants without diabetes [11][12][13][14], but little is known about western populations and whether a special population exists among different subgroups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of glycated hemoglobin with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients and the severity of liver steatosis and fibrosis measured by transient elastography in adults without diabetes

Xie

Kong²,

Wang³

et al. 2022

BMC Endocr Disord

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Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a well-known independent risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, research exploring the association between blood glucose management and the risk of NAFLD status in subjects without diabetes was insufficient. This study aimed to explore the association of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) with NAFLD status and the severity of liver steatosis and fibrosis in non-diabetic people. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 2998 non-diabetic American adults using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2018 cycle. We used multivariable logistic regression models to evaluate the association between HbA1c and NAFLD status and the severity of liver steatosis and fibrosis. Interaction and stratified analyses were additionally performed. Results The multivariate regression analyses showed that HbA1c was associated independently with NAFLD status in all the models (model1: OR = 2.834, 95%CI: 2.321, 3.461; model 2: OR = 2.900, 95%CI: 2.312, 3.637 and model 3: OR = 1.664, 95%CI: 1.284, 2.156). We further performed the interaction and stratified analyses and discovered a significant interaction between HbA1c and BMI (Pinteraction < 0.05). Finally, a robust link was shown between HbA1c level and the severity of liver steatosis, which was mainly significant in the prediabetes group, while the correlation was not significant in HbA1c level and severity of liver fibrosis after controlling for all the potential confounders. Conclusions We concluded that HbA1c level was positively correlated to the risk of developing NAFLD in a large non-diabetic American population. Moreover, HbA1c level was associated with the severity of liver steatosis in subjects with prediabetes, suggesting that routine screening for HbA1c among individuals with prediabetes is necessary.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of glycated hemoglobin with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients and the severity of liver steatosis and fibrosis measured by transient elastography in adults without diabetes

Xie

Kong²,

Wang³

et al. 2022

BMC Endocr Disord

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“…We systematically analyzed the changes in serum leptin levels in different T2DM-related indicators and T2DM complications, and further analyzed the changes of biochemical indicators in T2DM patients with different leptin levels and the prevalence rates of complications of T2DM. In general, HbA1c, as the gold standard for the diagnosis of T2DM, reflects the blood glucose control level of T2DM patients for 2-3 months [35,36], GSP and GA reflect the blood glucose control level of T2DM patients for 2-3 weeks [37,38]. Poor long-term blood glucose control will inhibit insulin secretion through glucose toxicity, and the inhibition of insulin secretion may also lead to low leptin levels [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Leptin Levels of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Complications

Nan

Zhang

et al. 2022

CIM

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Purpose: To investigate serum leptin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the relationship between leptin levels and T2DM complications and prevalence.Methods: A total of 355 patients, 282 cases with T2DM and 73 normal controls, were recruited at 1st Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital (Beijing, China) between November 2013 and July 2014. Levels of serum leptin, biochemical markers and sexual hormones were measured, and clinical characteristics were retrieved through the electronic medical record system.Results: Leptin levels in females were higher than that in males. Leptin levels in T2MD patients were positively correlated with body mass index, percent body fat, triglyceride, cystatin C homocysteine and salivary acid, and negatively correlated with glycosylated serum protein and glycosylated albumin levels. Leptin levels in males were positively correlated with systolic pressure and estradiol, and negatively correlated with testosterone and high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Sex (female) was positively correlated with the duration of disease. Leptin levels in T2DM patients with complications such as hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic peripheral neuropathy and coronary heart disease were higher than that in patients without such complications. Leptin levels in females with diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macroangiopathy were higher than that in patients without such complications, but there was no difference in males.Conclusions: Leptin has significant gender differences. Leptin levels are related to body mass index, percent body fat and sex hormone level in T2DM patients and may affect short-term blood glucose control in T2DM patients. Leptin levels are related to complications in patients with T2DM and affect the prevalence rates of complications.

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“…In a study by Hashimoto et al., GA levels remained stable throughout pregnancy, whereas HbA1c levels decreased during late gestation and were inversely correlated with ferritin levels and transferrin saturation ( 97 ). An accurate GA threshold for diagnosing GDM remains elusive, and the application of GA as a screening tool for GDM is therefore controversial ( 101 , 102 ). The use of GA for GDM diagnosis has not been investigated in pregnant South-African women.…”

Section: Diagnostic Tests and Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperglycemia First Detected in Pregnancy in South Africa: Facts, Gaps, and Opportunities

Coetzee

Hall²,

Conradie³

2022

Front. Clin. Diabetes Healthc.

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This review contextualizes hyperglycemia in pregnancy from a South-African perspective. It aims to create awareness of the importance of hyperglycemia in pregnancy in low-middle-income countries. We address unanswered questions to guide future research on sub-Saharan African women with hyperglycemia first detected in pregnancy (HFDP). South African women of childbearing age have the highest prevalence of obesity in sub-Saharan Africa. They are predisposed to Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), the leading cause of death in South African women. T2DM remains undiagnosed in many African countries, with two-thirds of people living with diabetes unaware. With the South African health policy’s increased focus on improving antenatal care, women often gain access to screening for non-communicable diseases for the first time in pregnancy. While screening practices and diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) differ amongst geographical areas in South Africa (SA), hyperglycemia of varying degrees is often first detected in pregnancy. This is often erroneously ascribed to GDM, irrespective of the degree of hyperglycemia and not overt diabetes. T2DM and GDM convey a graded increased risk for the mother and fetus during and after pregnancy, with cardiometabolic risk accumulating across the lifespan. Resource limitations and high patient burden have hampered the opportunity to implement accessible preventative care in young women at increased risk of developing T2DM in the broader public health system in SA. All women with HFDP, including those with true GDM, should be followed and undergo glucose assessment postpartum. In SA, studies conducted early postpartum have noted persistent hyperglycemia in a third of women after GDM. Interpregnancy care is advantageous and may attain a favourable metabolic legacy in these young women, but the yield of return following delivery is suboptimal. We review the current best evidence regarding HFDP and contextualize the applicability in SA and other African or low-middle-income countries. The review identifies gaps and shares pragmatic solutions regarding clinical factors that may improve awareness, identification, diagnosis, and management of women with HFDP.

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A Review on Research Progress in the Application of Glycosylated Hemoglobin and Glycated Albumin in the Screening and Monitoring of Gestational Diabetes

Cited by 16 publications

References 82 publications

Association of glycated hemoglobin with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients and the severity of liver steatosis and fibrosis measured by transient elastography in adults without diabetes

Association of glycated hemoglobin with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients and the severity of liver steatosis and fibrosis measured by transient elastography in adults without diabetes

Effect of Leptin Levels of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Complications

Hyperglycemia First Detected in Pregnancy in South Africa: Facts, Gaps, and Opportunities

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