A review on squat-assist devices to aid elderly with lower limb difficulties in toileting to tackle constipation

Krishnan, R. Hari

doi:10.1177/0954411919838644

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…This is somewhat counterintuitive since the bucket and pedestal pan are supposed to make toileting easier. We believe one possible explanation could be that when squatting becomes harder for some frail older adults, devices such as pedestal pan seats and bucket seat toilets are often installed to mitigate the issue and lower the risk of falls [49,50]. This is consistent with the environmental proactivity hypothesis, that is, older persons with illness tend to make changes to their environment [51,52], though our crosssectional data could not directly test this.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Bathing and Toileting Difficulties of Older Adults in Rural China: The Role of Environment

Liu¹,

Yee²,

Hoh³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: For older adults, difficulties in bathing and toileting are often the most prevalent in the index of Activities of daily living (ADL). This study aims to examine how environmental factors are associated with difficulty of bathing and toileting among older adults in rural China. Method: The data are from the 2014 Thousand-Village Survey (TVS), a national survey of Chinese rural residents of old age. The sample consists of 10,689 subjects, 55 years or older, from 536 villages across all provinces of China. Logistic regressions were applied to examine how difficulty in bathing and toileting was related to environmental factors such as geographic location, neighbourhood amenity, and related facility of bathing and toileting. Results: Older adults living in the southern regions of China had lesser difficulty in bathing and toileting than those living in Northern China, controlling on other confounders. Better neighbourhood conditions also reduced the likelihood of having such disabilities. Persons who bathed indoors without shower facilities, in public facility, and outdoors were significantly more likely to have bathing disability than those who showered indoors. Rural older adults who used pedestal pan and indoor bucket for toileting were more likely to have toileting disability than those who used indoor squatting facilities. Conclusion: Environmental barriers were associated with functional disability among older adults in rural China, but these individuals may also change their environment to adapt to their functioning. Our findings suggest it is imperative to promote the use of showering facilities and pedestal pans for toileting in rural China

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Bathing and Toileting Difficulties of Older Adults in Rural China: The Role of Environment

Liu¹,

Yee²,

Hoh³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is somewhat counterintuitive since the bucket and pedestal pan are supposed to make toileting easier. We believe one possible explanation could be that when squatting becomes harder for some frail older adults, devices such as pedestal pan seats and bucket seat toilets are often installed to mitigate the issue and lower the risk of falls [50,51]. This is consistent with the environmental proactivity hypothesis, that is, older persons in ill health tend to make positive changes to their environment [52,53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Bathing and Toileting Difficulty of Chinese Older Adults: The Role of Environment

Liu

Fong

Hoh

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: For older adults, difficulties in bathing and toileting are often the most prevalent in the index of Activities of daily living (ADL). Few studies, however, have investigated how the built environment and other environmental factors affect bathing and toileting in later life. This study aims to fill this gap. Method: The data are from the 2014 Thousand-Village Survey (TVS), a national survey of Chinese rural residents of old age. The sample consists of 10,689 subjects, 55 years or older, from 536 villages across all provinces of China. The multinomial logistic regressions were applied to examine how difficulty in bathing and toileting was related to environmental factors such as geographic location, community amenity, and built environment of bathing and toileting. Results: Older adults living in the southern regions of China had lesser difficulty in bathing and toileting than those living in Northern China, controlling on other confounders. Better community conditions also reduced the likelihood of having such disabilities. Persons who bathed indoors without shower facilities, in public facility, and outdoors were significantly more likely to have bathing disability than those who showered indoors. Rural older adults who used pedestal pan and indoor bucket for toileting were more likely to have toileting disability than those who used indoor squatting facilities. Conclusion: Environmental factors are strongly associated with functional disability among older adults, but the relationship is not unidirectional. Having a showering facility could reduce difficulties of bathing for rural Chinese. Very frail older persons may actively choose to change their environmental settings to suit their needs, for instance, by using a pedestal pan or bucket for toileting as an alternative to squatting. There is an urgent need to promote the use of showering facilities and pedestal pans for toileting in rural China.

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“…The act of defecation should not take more than just a few minutes; if an attempt is unproductive, the patient should get up and try again later when the urge returns. A foot stool will promote a more natural "squatting" position and may help those who endorse straining, or those with a component of pelvic outlet dysfunction constipation [20].…”

Section: Medical Management Stool Habitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemorrhoids

Davids

Ridolfi

2021

The ASCRS Textbook of Colon and Rectal Surgery

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Hemorrhoids represent a sizeable source of patient morbidity, with a broad array of associated symptoms. • Knowledge of anorectal and hemorrhoid anatomy is critical to selecting the appropriate treatment. • Minimizing straining, improving hydration, and increasing fiber intake are the first step for patients with symptomatic hemorrhoids. • Most office procedures are best suited for symptomatic grade I-III internal hemorrhoids or thrombosed external hemorrhoids. • One's armamentarium should include a variety of techniques for symptomatic hemorrhoids to optimize outcomes and provide individualized therapy. • Complications of hemorrhoid surgery include urinary retention, bleeding, infection, stenosis, incontinence, and recurrence. • Special considerations include pregnant patients, as well as those with Crohn's disease, immunocompromise, or portal hypertension.

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A review on squat-assist devices to aid elderly with lower limb difficulties in toileting to tackle constipation

Cited by 13 publications

References 31 publications

Bathing and Toileting Difficulties of Older Adults in Rural China: The Role of Environment

Bathing and Toileting Difficulties of Older Adults in Rural China: The Role of Environment

Bathing and Toileting Difficulty of Chinese Older Adults: The Role of Environment

Hemorrhoids

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