A review on synthesis, optimization, characterization and antibacterial application of gold nanoparticles synthesized from plants

Sono-Biosynthesis and Characterization of AuNPs from Danube Delta Nymphaea alba Root Extracts and Their Biological Properties

“…In this study, the zeta potential decreased with the increase of the reaction pH; it can be seen that the AuNPR 2 stabilized at pH 6.4 presented the highest ζ, while the AuNPR 3 stabilized at pH 8.4 had the lowest zeta potential value (Table 3). Similar results were observed in the green-synthesis of other AuNPs [65][66][67].…”

“…As shown in Table 3, the zeta potential of all of the synthesized AuNPR n was negative, comprising the range −62 ± −11 mV; −46 ± −7 mV, corroborating the stability of the nanoparticles [64]. Regarding the other gold nanoparticles formed with plant extracts, the synthesized AuNPR n presents lower ζ values [65]. Several reports in the literature show the dependence of the zeta potential on the physico-chemical properties of the particle surface and on the nature of the solution.…”

“…Zeta potential indicates the electrical charge on the surface of synthesized NPs, and is also a key factor used to predict the stability of AuNPs in terms of monodispersity (or agglomeration) [64][65][66]. Values above ± 60 mV are indicative of a high stability, whereas values between 0 mV and ± 5 mV are indicative of strong instability [64].…”

Bioremediation and pharmacological applications of gold nanoparticles synthesized from plant materials

“…Plants phytochemicals such as carbohydrates, flavonoids, terpenes, alcohol, phenolics, proteins and glycosides have displayed vast potential in reduction of metal ions from their higher oxidation state to low reduction potential [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. The antioxidant potential of plant's phytochemicals enhances their rapid conversion of gold precursor (chloroauric acid solution) into AuNPs [ 14 , 15 ]. The extensive applications of AuNPs synthesized using plant extracts in drug delivery, tissue imaging and identification of clinical pathogens are due to their antimicrobial activities which are linked with the plant's phytochemicals found in the extracts [ 16 ].…”

“…The antioxidant potential of plant's phytochemicals enhances their rapid conversion of gold precursor (chloroauric acid solution) into AuNPs [ 14 , 15 ]. The extensive applications of AuNPs synthesized using plant extracts in drug delivery, tissue imaging and identification of clinical pathogens are due to their antimicrobial activities which are linked with the plant's phytochemicals found in the extracts [ 16 ]. Despite the numerous literatures on synthesis, characterization and applications of AuNPs synthesized using plant extracts, a lot of research is still ongoing in this field owing to the diversity and potential of plants in production of AuNPs with different shapes [ 10 , 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”