A review on the different types of electrode materials for aqueous supercapacitor applications

Abstract

The recent advancements in living standards impose massive pressure on existing energy resources such as fossil fuels. Also, the increasing number of inhabitants arises the need to develop eco-friendly and sustainable energy storage systems. In this regard, a large number of researchers have paid increasing attention to the different methods for sustainable energy like the use of solar cells, LEDs, energy-efficient electronic devices, and supercapacitor technology. Since supercapacitors belong to the class of energy storage systems that provides high capacitive performance and charging-discharging stability during long cycles. They also offer higher power density than batteries and higher energy density than capacitors. Since the selection of electrode material and its electrochemical performance is the most determined parameter for supercapacitor performance. The present review focuses on the different types of aqueous electrolyte based electrode material which is differentiated based on energy storage mechanisms for aqueous supercapacitors. Furthermore, the latest nanocomposites reported have been reviewed and differentiated based on their electrochemical performance for aqueous supercapacitor applications. Their future implications have also been discussed.

Inactive Al3+-doped La(CoCrFeMnNiAlx)1/(5+x)O3 high-entropy perovskite oxides as high performance supercapacitor electrodes

“…In recent years, the ever-growing energy crisis leads to an increasing demand for the renewable energies such as solar energy, geothermal energy, and tidal energy [1][2][3]. Thus, it is urgent to develop a sustainable and renewable energy storage equipment to effectively store and utilize these energy resources.…”

A Flexible Vertical-Section Wood/MXene Electrode with Excellent Performance Fabricated by Building a Highly Accessible Bonding Interface

“…Nevertheless, carbon nanomaterials (e.g., CNT) normally exhibit limited capacitance because of the charge/discharge mechanism of EDLC . Additionally, conducting polymers (e.g., PANI) suffer from poor cycling stability and rate capability because of the volume expansion during the chemical reaction process. , Therefore, it is necessary to search a desirable guest material with excellent performances including high conductivity, electrochemical activity, large capacitance, excellent rate capability, and long cycling stability.…”

“…13 Additionally, conducting polymers (e.g., PANI) suffer from poor cycling stability and rate capability because of the volume expansion during the chemical reaction process. 14,15 Therefore, it is necessary to search a desirable guest material with excellent performances including high conductivity, electrochemical activity, large capacitance, excellent rate capability, and long cycling stability. Ti 3 C 2 T x , as the most widely investigated MXene, has good hydrophilicity, ultrahigh metallic conductivity, a large surface area, and abundant terminal functional groups (e.g., −F and −OH).…”

Rhinestone sheet like carbon and metal oxide‐based nanocomposites for flexible supercapacitor applications

“…This in turn, imposed the pressure on the prevailing energy sources such as fossil fuels, coal, and petroleum. 1 However, these sources cannot be used for long span due to their limited availability and the potential environmental concerns such as global warming, ozone layer depletion, etc. The future technologies demand the use of sustainable alternative energy harvesting systems like solar cells, wind energy, tidal energy, and biomass energy and in addition to, energy storage systems like fuel cells, batteries, and capacitors.…”

“…Since the technology compelled revolutionary changes starting from kitchen to space and becomes a part and parcel of our daily life. This in turn, imposed the pressure on the prevailing energy sources such as fossil fuels, coal, and petroleum 1 . However, these sources cannot be used for long span due to their limited availability and the potential environmental concerns such as global warming, ozone layer depletion, etc.…”