A review on the fundamentals of hydrogen-based reduction and recycling concepts for electric arc furnace dust extended by a novel conceptualization

Brandner, Ulrich; Antrekowitsch, Jürgen; Leuchtenmueller, Manuel

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.07.062

Cited by 26 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Between 15 and 20 kg of EAFD is generated for every ton of recycled steel [2]. Each year approximately 8 million tons of EAFD are generated and this is predicted to increase to a minimum of 18 million tons/year by 2050 [3]. This alarming production rate with the absence of a sustainable recycling route poses a great challenge to environmental engineers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal degradation kinetics of polyvinyl chloride in presence of zinc oxide

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal degradation kinetics of polyvinyl chloride in presence of zinc oxide

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The issue of zinc recovery from sludge and process dust was the subject of a publication [23][24][25][26] in which the authors [23] provided a method of removing zinc from sludge by multilayer sintering. Dezincification occurs thanks to additional carbonous reductants derived from an additional layer of coke breeze that is directly placed on the sludge layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of High-Zn Content Ferrous Landfill Sludge with the Use of Hydrogen

Bernasowski,

Migas,

Ślęzak

et al. 2023

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sludge, due to its form and significant moisture and zinc content, is the most problematic metallurgical waste. Near the site of a disused steelworks plant in Krakow (Poland) there is an estimated 5 million tonnes of landfill sludge that consists of more than 90% iron and other metal oxides. There is a global tendency to switch steel production towards carbonless technologies, which is why the presented work investigates the possibility of simultaneous waste liquidation and recovery of valuable metals with the use of hydrogenous reduction. Direct reduced iron (DRI) production was selected as the targeted technology, so the sludge was lumped and bound with cement or CaO addition. The obtained lumps were reduced in a hydrogenous atmosphere with gradual heating to 950 °C, after which their phase structure was analyzed and elemental analysis was performed. It was found that zinc evaporated during the experiment, but mostly thanks to the carbon contained in the sludge. The increased addition of binder to the sludge resulted in the enhancement of the lumps, but also limited the reduction range. The products obtained were mostly wustite and less pure iron. Taking into account the degree of reduction and the lumps’ compression strength, the best binding was achieved by adding cement at a quantity of 5% mass.

show abstract

“…Due to the high content of volatile heavy metals, the dust of electric arc steel-smelting furnaces is classified as a substance of hazard class I [3]. In this regard, for further application, various methods are used to reduce the possible danger, for example, stabilization by binding with mineral binders [4] or reduction by heating, in which volatile metals evaporate from the material [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The choice is due to its favorable mechanical and dielectric properties, as well as the easy process for the production of composites based on it due to the good dispersion of filler particles in the polymer volume. Pure polyethylene is characterized by a permittivity of about 2.3 in the frequency range of 10-10 5 Hz with a dielectric loss tangent of not more than 2.3 × 10 −3 [21]. Unlike HDPE, there is almost no difference in dielectric loss between LDPE which is aged after working under high voltage for a long time and unaged LDPE [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composite High-k Films Based on Polyethylene Filled with Electric Arc Furnace Dust and MWCNT with Permittivity Synergetic Effect

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The production of three-phase composites is a relevant and effective approach to obtain materials with the required mechanical and dielectric properties. In this work, dust, which is a waste product of steelmaking and is formed during the gas cleaning of electric arc furnaces at the production base of Severstal, was used as a functional filler for the low-density polyethylene polymer matrix. The fractional, elemental, qualitative, and quantitative phase composition of the native dust was studied using laser diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray phase analysis, and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. An increase in the permittivity of the dust was achieved due to its reduction in a hydrogen atmosphere and, as a consequence, a change in the elemental and phase composition causing an increase in the concentration of metallic iron. Composite films were obtained using a blending roll mill at temperatures of 130 and 140 °C. The concentration of the main filler was 18.75, 37.5, and 75 wt.%. Additionally, a conductive additive in the form of MWCNTs was introduced into the composition of the composites in an amount of 0.25 wt.%. The uniformity of the filler distribution in the polymer matrix was assessed from electron micrographs. The dielectric properties of fillers and composite films based on polyethylene filled with electric arc furnace dust and MWCNTs were studied using impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range of 10–106 Hz. The use of reduced dust at a concentration of 25.8 vol.% combined with 0.25 wt.% MWCNTs in the composition of the composite film provided an increase in ε′ to 13.5 at tan δ = 0.038. Thus, three-phase polymer matrix composites based on LDPE using dust as a filler with a conductive microadditive of MWCNTs have a synergistic effect, which manifests itself in an increase in the permittivity and a decrease in dielectric losses.

show abstract

A review on the fundamentals of hydrogen-based reduction and recycling concepts for electric arc furnace dust extended by a novel conceptualization

Cited by 26 publications

References 24 publications

Thermal degradation kinetics of polyvinyl chloride in presence of zinc oxide

Thermal degradation kinetics of polyvinyl chloride in presence of zinc oxide

Utilization of High-Zn Content Ferrous Landfill Sludge with the Use of Hydrogen

Composite High-k Films Based on Polyethylene Filled with Electric Arc Furnace Dust and MWCNT with Permittivity Synergetic Effect

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About