A review on the mechanistic details of OXA enzymes of ESKAPE pathogens

Avcı, Fatma Gizem; Tastekil, Ilgaz; Jaisi, Amit; Ozbek, Pemra; Akbulut, Berna Sarıyar

doi:10.1080/20477724.2022.2088496

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…A. baumannii is a Gram-negative ESKAPE microorganism with MDR due to widespread antibiotic abuse and mismanagement (18). Immunocompromised and severely ill hosts are susceptible to invasive infections by A. baumannii.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii by metagenomic next-generation sequencing in central nervous system infection after neurosurgery: A case report

Tian

Han²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundCentral nervous system (CNS) infection is one of the most serious complications after neurosurgery. Traditional clinical methods are difficult to diagnose the pathogen of intracranial infection. Due to recent advances in genomic approaches, especially sequencing technologies, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has been applied in many research and clinical settings.Case presentationHere, we report a case of CNS infection with Acinetobacter baumannii in a 15-year-old woman, who previously underwent surgery for recurrence of ependymoma in the fourth ventricle. On the eleventh postoperative day, the patient had a high fever and leukocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). mNGS using CSF rapidly and accurately identified the causative pathogen as A. baumannii with carbapenem resistance genes blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-51, which were confirmed by subsequent culture and susceptibility tests within 5 days. During the disease, mNGS, culture, and drug susceptibility testing were continued to monitor changes in pathogenic bacteria and adjust medication. At present, there are no case reports on to the use of mNGS for detecting pathogens in postoperative infection with ependymoma and guide medication.ConclusionmNGS has great advantages in pathogen identification and even pathogen resistance prediction. Multiple mNGS examinations during the course of the disease play an important role in the dynamic monitoring of pathogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…negative in previous blood mNGS detections. One possible reason is that the blood-brain barrier was damaged due to the patient's multiple open cranial surgeries or other factors, such as inflammation and tumors (18). Pathogens enter the blood through the damaged blood-brain barrier.…”

Section: Csf Culture (Twelfth Postoperative Day) Csf Culture (Sevente...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii by metagenomic next-generation sequencing in central nervous system infection after neurosurgery: A case report

Tian

Han²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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“…OXA23, the first class D β-lactamase that can hydrolyze carbapenems through plasmid delivery, was originally known as Acinetobacter resistant to imipenem (ARI) 1 ( Paton et al, 1993 ; Scaife et al, 1995 ; Donald et al, 2000 ). In reality, OXA23 can be put into chromosomes or plasmids by using various genetic elements as vectors, including transposons and insertion sequences ( Avci et al, 2023 ). The rate of drug-resistant organisms increases with the number of mobile elements found simultaneously in OXA23-positive A. baumannii , which is enhanced by the presence of ISAba1 ( Oliveira et al, 2019 ; Zhao et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Acinetobacter Baumannii Drug Resistance Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acinetobacter's chromosomal ampC may have descended from a common β-lactamase gene progenitor, and it shares a closer relationship with Acinetobacter than other bacteria (Liu and Liu, 2015). Infections of A. baumannii that produces AmpC enzymes are currently treated using carbapenems and fourth-generation Huang et al (2015), Donald et al (2000), Avci et al (2023), Zhao et al (2019), Oliveira et al (2019), Liao et al (2015) Aminoglycoside modifying enzymes Aminoglycoside acetyltransferases (AACs) AAC( 3 cephalosporins; nevertheless, attention should be made to the prevalence of AmpC enzyme-producing A. baumannii. Class D β-lactamases are also called oxacillin (OXA) enzymes because of their ability to hydrolyze semisynthetic penicillins, such as oxacillin.…”

Section: Mechanisms Underlying β-Lactamase Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acinetobacter baumannii: an evolving and cunning opponent

Shi,

Cheng,

Liu

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most common multidrug-resistant pathogens causing nosocomial infections. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii infections is increasing because of several factors, including unregulated antibiotic use. A. baumannii drug resistance rate is high; in particular, its resistance rates for tigecycline and polymyxin—the drugs of last resort for extensively drug-resistant A. baumannii—has been increasing annually. Patients with a severe infection of extensively antibiotic-resistant A. baumannii demonstrate a high mortality rate along with a poor prognosis, which makes treating them challenging. Through carbapenem enzyme production and other relevant mechanisms, A. baumannii has rapidly acquired a strong resistance to carbapenem antibiotics—once considered a class of strong antibacterials for A. baumannii infection treatment. Therefore, understanding the resistance mechanism of A. baumannii is particularly crucial. This review summarizes mechanisms underlying common antimicrobial resistance in A. baumannii, particularly those underlying tigecycline and polymyxin resistance. This review will serve as a reference for reasonable antibiotic use at clinics, as well as new antibiotic development.

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